转型期城市贫困演化空间模式研究  

The Evolution of Spatial Structure of Urban Poverty Pattern during the Period of Transition——A Case of Xi'an City

作　　者：范晨辉[1] 薛东前[1] 罗正文[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,中国陕西西安710062

出　　处：《经济地理》2014年第8期8-14,共7页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171142)

摘　　要：基于西安市居民收支状况的调查数据,利用F-G-T指数和转移矩阵方法从宏观整体和微观个体两个角度分析了转型时期西安市贫困的变化趋势,并揭示其动态演化的空间模式。结果表明:1990—2011年西安市城市贫困状况有大幅度的改善,但在2000—2011年的改善不明显,尤其是在贫困的深度和强度方面;贫困分布特征由圈层结构变为扇形结构;城市的重点发展地区减贫抑贫效果最为显著;老工业区返贫状况突出,流动人口集聚地区贫困状况变化比较剧烈;西安市的城市贫困演化呈现出以内城区为中心的变形"同心圆"状与"扇形"复合的"T"型空间结构模式,内城返贫区与脱贫返贫混合区交错,并随城市发展向南扩展,东西两翼呈圈层结构包围在内城周围。贫困状况及其演化空间结构是城市发展方向、社会经济转型和城市化共同作用的结果。Based on survey data of household income and expenditure in Xi＇an, adopting the methods of F-G-T index and transfer matrix, this paper analyzes the trends of poverty in the Transition Period in Xi＇an respectively from the perspective of overall macroscopic and individual microscopic, and reveals the spatial pattern of dynamic evolution. The results show that： （1） from 1990 to 2011, the urban poverty in Xi＇an has greatly improved, but no obvious improvement in years of2000-2011, especially in depth and intensity. The distribution characteristic o^poverty changes from the structure layer to sector. （2） The key development area of the city has the most significant effect of suppressing and reducing poverty, while the old industrial area has prominent situation of backing into poverty and the concentration area of floating population has more dramatic changes in poverty. （3） The evolution of urban poverty shows the spatial structure model of ＂T＂, taking inner city as the center it is composite made of deformed ＂concentric circles＂ and ＂sector＂. Inner city areas backing into poverty are intertwined with mixing zones out of poverty and backing into poverty. The inner city are surrounded by east and west wings which show circle structure. The state of poverty and the evolution of the spatial structure are results of joint action in urban development, social and economic transformation and urbanization.

关 键 词：贫困变化 转型期 转移矩阵 空间模式 西安市 

分 类 号：K901.3[历史地理—人文地理学]