南京市社区居民慢性病和健康相关行为及健康需求现况调查  

Survey of chronic diseases, health related behaviors, and current health demands of Nanjing residents

作　　者：刘洋[1] 翟成凯[1] 路云[1] 孙桂菊[1] 张红[1] 章海风[1] 姜明霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生系,南京210009

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（医学版）》2014年第8期1229-1233,共5页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University:Medical Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71103033)~~

摘　　要：目的了解当前南京市社区中老年人慢性病患病情况以及健康需求。方法以南京市的社区卫生服务中心为依托,采用分层、多阶段、整群随机抽样的方法抽取11个社区,共抽取340名居民进行问卷调查。调查并分析研究对象的人口学特征、慢性病患病情况及健康需求。结果实际回收有效问卷326份,有效回收率为95.9%。南京市社区中老年人所患慢性病排名前3位的依次是高血压(57.7%)、糖尿病(32.8%)和血脂异常(25.5%)。认为对自身健康不利的因素排名前5位的依次是环境污染(64.7%)、医疗费用高(30.4%)、体力锻炼少(24.8%)、经济收入低(24.2%)及饮食营养不合理(23.9%)。认为医疗保健改善最明显的前3项依次是社区环境卫生(23.2%)、定期体检和咨询(22.3%)与健康教育及健康生活指导(22.0%),最不满意的是医药费用(39.4%)。结论南京市居民对健康的需求高于社区卫生系统所能提供的服务,政府仍需加大对医疗卫生系统的支持,改善不合理的卫生机构设置,降低医疗费用,调整健康教育的形式和内容,培养更多优秀的卫生服务人才,以解决社区中老年居民对健康的迫切需求。Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases of elderly people in Nanjing and their health demands. Methods Based on the community health centers in Nanjing, 340 residents from 11 communities were selected by the multi-stage stratified and cluster random sampling method and the questionnaire survey was conducted. The demographic characteristics, prevalence of chronic diseases, and health demands of the elderly people were investigated and analyzed. Results A total of 326 valid questionnaire were returned and the valid return rate was 95.9%. The top three chronic diseases of elderly people in Nanjing were hypertension （57.7%）, diabetes （32.8%）, and dysfipidemia （25.5%）. Top five factors that were unfavorable to health were environmental pollution （ 64. 7% ）, high medical costs （ 30.4% ）, less exercise （ 24. 8% ）, low income （24. 2%）, and unreasonable diet （23.9%）. The top three items of medical care that were improved most were environmental sanitation of the community （23.2%）, regular physical examination and consultation （22.3%）, and health education and health life guidance （22.0%）. The most dissatisfied item was the medical cost （39.4%）. Conclusion Services that are provided by the community health system are unable to meet the health demands of Nanjing residents. The government should strengthen the support of health system, improve unreasonable organization of health facilities, reduce medical costs, adjust forms and contents of health education, and cultivate more distinguished health care personnel to solve the urgent health needs of elderly residents.

关 键 词：慢性病 影响因素 健康需求 医疗保健 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]