实证主义与近代墨西哥  

Positivism and the Modern Mexico

作　　者：张家唐[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学历史学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第4期86-90,160,共5页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：19世纪中叶,墨西哥的有识之士为寻求兴邦治国之路,引进了法国孔德的实证主义学说。19世纪70年代以后,实证主义便在墨西哥的思想意识领域盛行起来。政府中的实权人物大多数是实证主义信徒。他们利用实证主义的核心口号"秩序与进步"作为治理国家的理论信条。结果,迪亚斯采取暴力独裁手段,消除了长期动荡的局面,实现了社会稳定的"秩序";为改变国家经济落后的状态,通过吸引利用外资振兴经济取得了"进步"。但是,由于迪亚斯政府牺牲了民众的民主权利,损害了广大人民群众的经济利益,严重的社会分配不均、贫富差距拉大,促使国内社会矛盾激化,又引发了新的社会震荡,导致迪亚斯政权垮台。此后,实证主义学说在墨西哥的社会根基发生了动摇,势头锐减。In the middle of the 19th century, the elites of Mexico adopted the Positivism of the French thinker named Comte in order to develop their own country. And since the 1870s, Positivism has prevailed over the Mexico＇s ideological field. Most powerful men in the government were Positivist; they took the key words of Positivism, i.e. Order and Progress, as the creed for national governance. As a result, Diaz achieved ＇Order＇ by dictatorship and made ＇progresses＇ in economy by introduction of foreign capital. However, since the Diaz administration sacrificed the democratic rights and the economic interests of the lower classes, social distribution became serious inequality, the gap between rich and poor widened, social contradictions became intensified, and new social concussion emerged, so the Diaz government fell at last. From then on, the Positivism in Mexico declined.

关 键 词：墨西哥 实证主义 迪亚斯时代 科学家派 

分 类 号：K106[历史地理—历史学]