中国增加值贸易隐含的要素流向扭曲程度分析  

Factor Flow Distortions Embodied in China's Trade in Value-Added

作　　者：程大中[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学世界经济系和世界经济研究所,200433

出　　处：《经济研究》2014年第9期105-120,共16页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(14AZD058);国家自然科学基金项目(71272069);教育部"新世纪人才支持计划"和重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD790003);上海哲社规划课题(2014BJB006)

摘　　要：本文在双边HOV基本框架下同时引入要素生产率(TFP)与综合贸易成本(CTC)的跨国差异,并基于"世界投入-产出数据"(WIOD),多角度评估了在全球价值链(GVCs)分工背景下中国增加值贸易(TiVA)隐含的净要素含量流向扭曲程度。研究发现,资本与劳动力流向扭曲程度总体上趋于下降;相对于进口,出口隐含的资本流向扭曲程度较高、劳动力流向扭曲程度则较低;相对于高技能劳动力,中低技能尤其是低技能劳动力的流向扭曲程度较低;相对于跟俄罗斯、印度和巴西等"金砖"国家的双边贸易,中国与美国、日本、韩国、德国和台湾等五个最重要贸易伙伴的双边贸易隐含的资本和劳动力要素流向扭曲程度较轻;受到中低技能特别是低技能劳动力要素流向扭曲影响的行业较少,贸易量较大的行业受到要素流向扭曲的影响较轻。本文初步表明,要素禀赋结构仍是反映一国增加值贸易是否以及在多大程度受到要素流向扭曲影响的基础。因此,中国要促进增加值贸易(及其产业链基础)转型升级,同时减轻贸易所含要素流向的扭曲程度,应首先着眼于国内(相对于国外)的要素禀赋结构优化升级。This paper introduces transnational differences in both total factor productivity （TFP） and comprehensive trade costs（CTC） into the basic bilateral HOV framework, and uses the World Input-Output Database（WIOD） , to make a multi- dimensional evaluation of net factor flow distortions embodied in China＇s trade in value-added（TiVA）. On the whole, the distortions in both capital and labor flows are declining. The distortions in capital flows are more profound in export than in import, but it is converse for labor flows. Compared with high-skilled labor, low-and medium-skilled and especially low- skilled labor is less distorted in the cross-border trade. Compared with China＇s bilateral trade with the so-called BRICS economies such as Brazil, India, and Russia, Cbina＇s bilateral trade with the major partners like USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany and Taiwan is characterized by less distorted capital and labor cross-border movements. There are fewer sectors that are affected by distortions in low-and medium-skilled and especially low-skilled labor flows. Sectors with more trade are less affected by factor flow distortions. The study shows that factor endowment structures are still the basis determining whether and how much an economy＇s TiVA is influenced by the distortions in factor cross-border flows. Therefore, in order to upgrade the TiVA and related industrial basis, and meanwhile to reduce factor flow distortions embodied in TiVA, China should prioritize the optimization and upgrading of domestic factor endowment structures relative to foreign economies.

关 键 词：增加值贸易 世界投入-产出表 HOV模型 贸易的要素含量 要素流向 

分 类 号：F752.6[经济管理—国际贸易]