无讼、厌讼与抑讼——对中国传统诉讼文化的法社会学分析  

No-Litigation, Anti-Litigation and Inhibition of Litigation——An Analysis of Chinese Traditional Litigation Culture from Approach of Sociology of Law

作　　者：郭星华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,教授北京100872

出　　处：《学术月刊》2014年第9期88-95,共8页Academic Monthly

基　　金：2011年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"传统文化与现代法治"(11JJD840005)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："无讼"是古代国家精英不懈追求的社会理想。为实现这一理想,中国传统社会存在非制度化、制度化和半制度化等三种抑制诉讼的途径。非制度化抑讼途径方面,国家精英在通过多种方式进行道德感化、劝民息讼的同时,也努力营造"为讼有害"的社会舆论,以增加诉讼的道德成本。制度化抑讼途径方面,中国传统社会的诉讼制度通过限制诉讼主体和诉讼时限以增加民众提起诉讼的难度,使诉讼不是人人、时时、事事都可采用的手段。半制度化抑讼途径方面,以乡里调处、宗族调处为代表的民间调处在明清时期已形成系统规范,并被纳入国家司法体系之中,在纠纷解决中扮演重要角色。虽然历史上抑讼力度有大小之差别,但"抑讼"仍然是中国传统诉讼文化的主要特征。In traditional Chinese society, ＂no-litigation＂ ideal is the ultimate value of Chinese ancient legal system. In order to realize this ideal, the country＇s elite try to restrain litigation by noninstitutionalized means, institutionalized means and semi institutionalized means. Officials try their best to prevent litigation in practice, they also publicize ＂litigation is harmful＂ to increase the moral cost. What＇s more, the Chinese traditional society installs restrictions on the subject and time making litigation not an ＂always-available＂ method. During Ming and Qing Dynasties, civil mediation has become inevitable stage of dispute settlement. Even though the strength changed in history, we still believe ＂inhibition of litigation＂ the main features of Chinese traditional culture of litigation.

关 键 词：诉讼文化 无讼 厌讼 好讼 抑讼 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]