中国三代时期的文化大传统与小传统——以神人像类文物所反映的长江流域早期宗教信仰传统为例  

The Great Tradition and Little Tradition of the Cultures in the Three-Dynasties Period of China——Focused on the Early Religious Beliefs in the Yangtze River Valley Reflected by the Cultural Relics with Deity Figures

作　　者：徐良高[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市100710

出　　处：《考古》2014年第9期50-62,共13页Archaeology

摘　　要：一、大传统与小传统理论及其对考古学文化研究的启示 “大传统和小传统”的概念是由美国人类学家罗伯特·芮德菲尔德在1956年出版的《农民社会与文化——人类学对文明的一种诠释》一书中提出的。大传统指代表着国家与权力、由城镇的知识阶级所掌控的书写文化传统，小传统则指代表乡村的、由乡民通过口传等方式传承的大众文化传统。后来，不断有学者对这一概念内涵作出自己的理解，如中国学者王学泰认为人类学家、社会学家在研究不同社会群体的传统时，Through the systematical trimming of the cultural relics with deity figures of the Neolithic Age to the Western and Eastern Zhou Periods and the relevant research results and with the reference of the historic literatures and the ＂Deity Figures＂ in the silk paintings of the Han Dynasty, this paper pointed out that these deity figures are the main worshipping objects in the religious beliefs of the ancient people living in the Yangtze River Valley; the ancient people hoped them to exorcise the evil beings, ward off the disasters and bless them. By analyzing the areas in which these deity figures are discovered and the relevant historic literatures reflecting the regional religious beliefs, this paper believes that in the Yangtze River Valley, there was a local cultural tradition of deity-and-devil-worship during the Neolithic through the Western and Eastern Zhou Periods; this tradition not only influenced the cultures in the Central Plains, but also became the important supplement of the rite-and-music culture, which was the great tradition of the Chinese Culture. The coexistence and interaction of the great and little cultural traditions were important characteristics of the development of the Chinese history.

关 键 词：大传统 小传统 神人像 宗教信仰 长江流域 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]