“原始瓷器”概念与青瓷起源再探讨  

The Re-exploration of the Concept of "Proto-porcelain" and the Origin of the Celadon

作　　者：王昌燧[1] 李文静[1] 陈岳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京市100044

出　　处：《考古》2014年第9期86-92,共7页Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"原始瓷产地的再研究"(项目编号10875169);"磁州窑白地黑花等瓷器的烧制工艺与呈色机制"(项目编号11275265)为本文的研究提供了资助

摘　　要：瓷器是中国古代的伟大发明之一，是中华民族对世界文明的重要贡献。长期以来，学术界通常认为，我国的青瓷器是商代原始瓷器持续发展的必然产物，而真正成熟的青瓷出现于距今约1800年的东汉晚期。但随着陶瓷科技考古的深入开展，我们逐渐了解到，所谓“原始瓷”的概念实非严格的科学定义，而是学术争论妥协的产物。至于青瓷的概念，似乎属于科学结论，且已获得“公认”，但仔细推敲起来，不难发现其中存在的问题。既然如此，重新确定所谓“原始瓷”和“青瓷”的概念，便自然成为迫切需要解决的重要问题。It has been believed for a long time that celadon, which was developed from proto-porcelain, originated from the late Eastern Han Dynasty. However, the original concept of ＂proto-porcelain＂ was by no means a precise scientific definition, but only an outcome of compromises from different ideas. Although the concept of celadon seemed to be scientific, it was inconsistent with the facts and does not have a reasonable explanation. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the concept of celadon. On the basis of considering the raw materials of the body and glaze and firing temperature of celadon, the new concept of celadon was suggested as follows. First, the body material of celadon should be kaolin clay or porcelain clay; second, there should be a layer of glaze on the body surface, which was produced under high temperature; third, its firing temperature should be higher than 1150℃, which is higher than the vitrifying temperature and forming temperature of the primary mullite. According to the new definition, the so-called proto-porcelain absolutely satisfied these conditions, so it should be called celadon rather than proto-porcelain; then, Chinese celadon should originate in Xia-Shang Dynasties at the latest but not in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：原始瓷器 青瓷起源 胎釉原料 烧成温度 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]