1924年的黎氏文法新探——纪念《新著国语文法》出版90周年  

A New Probe into the Grammar Elucidated by Li Jinxi in 1924:In Commemoration of the 90th Anniversary of Its Publication

作　　者：孙良明[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学古籍整理研究所,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2014年第4期47-72,2,共26页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：1924年的黎氏文法体系隐含的50年代借鉴国外现代语法学结构主义理论方法产生的两语法书的内容:造句格式基本句法结构建立、按句法功能标准划分词类,句法结构次序,语法成分、语义成分对应非一对一,从句法结构分析语义关系。隐含的80年代出现的新理论、方法是:语法形式和意义相互结合与对应,词的分类、兼类、用法特点语法形式表现及句式变换,歧义句层次与分化表现,语法结构的句法、语义、语用结合分析。黎氏文法"依句辨品"说在建国后的变化——新解、倒退、发展。新解是说明"辨品"为"辨别"词类,非"区分"词类。倒退是:"凡词,依句辨品,离句无品",先更改为"凡词,依靠结构,显示品类",后质变为"四级形态论"。"发展"是句子结构、词组结构一致,"句子"成分"辨品",成为"词组"成分的结合能力"辨品"。说明"依句辨品"合理,"离句无品"成立。正确对待传统文法学,建议重印《新著》1924年原版公开发行。By drawing on the theory and method of modern strncturalism of grammatology from abroad, the two books on Chinese grammar in the 1950s are about the following viewpoints implied in the grammatical system put forward by Li Jinxi in 1924： the establishment of basic sentence patterns; division into parts of speech according to syntactic function; fixation of syntactic structure; non - biunique relationship between grammatical and semantic elements ; analysis of semantic relations from grammatical structure, etc. And the new theories and approaches appeared in the 1980s implied in Li＇ s system are the mutual combi- nation and correspondence between grammatical form and meaning; classification of words, multi - class words, usage of words and expression of grammatical form. and transformation of sentence patterns ; level and differentiation of ambiguous sentences ; integral analysis of syntax, semantics and pragmatics in gram- matical structure. The changes of retrogress and development undergone by the doctrine of Li＇ s since the founding of PRC testify that ＂identification of parts of speech depends on sentence＂ is correct, and that ＂no parts of speech can be identified without sentence＂ is valid. Therefore traditional grammatology ought to be evaluated correctly and the original edition of New Grammar of Modern Chinese （ [ Xinzhu Guoyu Wenfa] ） , be reprinted.

关 键 词：黎锦熙 新著国语文法 隐含 新理论 新方法 

分 类 号：G239.29[文化科学]