石灰性旱地土壤对酸性矿山废水污染的酸缓冲能力与作用  

Acid Buffer Performance of Calcareous Dry Land Soil Against Continuing AMD Pollution

作　　者：刘桂华[1] 吴永贵[1,2] 付天岭[1,2] 杨少博[1] 张春辉[1] 王虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学应用生态研究所,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2014年第8期243-248,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"高氟高砷煤矿区水环境复合污染生态毒性效应及其机理研究"(20977020);教育部211重点学科建设项目"喀斯特地区矿山环境污染生态效应评价"(211KST200902);贵州省重大科技专项"黔中水利枢纽重大关键技术应用研究"[黔科合重大专项字(2012)6009-7]

摘　　要：为探索酸性矿山废水(AMD)持续污染的影响程度,以贵州喀斯特岩溶区石灰性旱地土壤为研究对象,通过模拟分析AMD持续污染下石灰性旱地土壤pH、岩溶组分等特性的变化,评价石灰性旱地土壤对AMD持续污染的酸缓冲性能及其作用机理。结果表明:岩溶区石灰性旱地土壤对AMD具有较好的缓冲性能,AMD的使用量是土壤质量的10倍时,土壤对AMD的酸缓冲容量(以CaCO3计,下同),达77.266g/kg,岩溶区土壤pH仍可维持在6.65以上,风干及新鲜石灰性旱地土壤的酸缓冲容量,分别为(151.027±1.03)g/kg、(93.285±4.32)g/kg;随着AMD添加比例的增大,土壤Ca含量在低污染浓度下显著下降,在较高污染程度下稍有升高;土壤中Mg大量淋失,CO2释放量显著增加(p<0.01)。相关性分析表明,土壤pH与AMD的添加量相关关系不明显(rpH=-0.473,ppH=0.237;rCa=-0.416,pCa=0.305),而岩溶区石灰性旱地土壤Ca、Mg含量及土壤CO2释放量的变化与AMD的添加量呈极显著相关关系(rCa=-0.955**,pCa=0.000;rMg=-0.994**,pMg=0.000;rCO2=0.991**,pCO2=0.000)。表明,岩溶区石灰性旱地土壤对AMD持续污染具有较优越的缓冲性能,其中,CO32-及Ca、Mg等岩溶组分在岩溶区石灰性旱地土壤AMD酸缓冲方面发挥着重要作用。The acid buffer performance and functional mechanism of calcareous soil against continuing AMD pollution were evaluated by analyzing characteristic changes of pH,acidity,alkalinity and karst components of calcareous soil under the continuing AMD pollution to study the effect of continuing AMD pollution on calcareous soil in Karst areas of Guizhou.The calcareous soil in Karst area has of better buffer performance against AMD because when AMD usage amount is 10 times that of soil quality,the acid buffer capacity of calcareous soil against AMD is to 77.266g/kg （taking CaCO3 as the calculation unit）and pH of calcareous soil still maintain above 6.65.The acid buffer performance of the air drying and fresh calcareous soil is 151.027 1.03 g/kg and 93.285 4.32 g/kg respectively.With increase of adding AMD proportion, the Ca content of calcareous soil decreases significantly under the low pollution concentration and increases slightly under the higher pollution concentration. Meanwhile Mg leaching loss and CO2 emission （p〈lt;0.01 ）of calcareous soil increased significantly.The correlation analysis showed that there is no obvious correlation between soil pH and AMD amount （rpH=-0.473,ppH=0.237;rCa=-0.416,pCa=0.305）but there are very significant correlation between AMD amount and Ca content,Mg content,CO2 emission amount of the calcareous soil in Karst area（rCa=-0.955＊＊,pCa=0.000;rMg=-0.994＊＊,pMg=0.000;rCO2=0.991＊＊,pCO2=0.000）,which indicates that the calcareous soil in Karst area has the better buffer performance against continuing AMD pollution, and CO3 2-, Ca and Mg components play an important role in AMD acid buffer of the calcareous soil in Karst area.

关 键 词：岩溶区 石灰性旱地 酸性矿山废水 酸缓冲性能 CO2释放量 acid mine drainage (AMD) 

分 类 号：S156.92[农业科学—土壤学] X503.231[农业科学—农业基础科学]