竖井对公路隧道自然排烟影响的试验研究  

Experimental study on influence of shaft on smoke natural ventilation removal from road tunnel

作　　者：刘洋[1] 王彦富[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2014年第7期21-26,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目资助(ZR2012EEM023);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(14CX05035A)

摘　　要：为研究竖井对自然通风公路隧道发生火灾时排烟效果的影响,以某顶部开口半敞开式隧道为原型,在1∶10比例平台上开展一系列模拟试验。以小型汽车火灾为模拟场景进行试验,获取隧道模型顶棚附近和0.18 m高度处的温度、竖井内CO浓度,以及烟气沉降和扩散等数据。结果表明,在上游离火源2 m处,烟气能量积聚,导致温度上升;烟气层均能被控制在人员特征高度处以上,不会对人员的安全疏散造成太大影响;随着排烟口数量的增加,烟气的沉降速率先下降后上升,竖井内CO浓度则先上升,然后达到相对稳定状态,最后呈下降趋势;当竖井数量为3时,每组试验中上下游的排烟效果均较好。For the sake of studying the effect of shafts on smoke removal from in road tunnel with natural ventilation, a series of small-scale experiments were carried out with a tunnel model, which was designed based on a certain real tunnel with a scale ratio, of 1： 10. A small car fire was simulated as a fire scenario, data on temperature under ceiling and at height of 0.18 m in model, CO concentration in shaft, smoke sedimentation and dispersion were obtained. Analysis of the data indicates that smoke energy accumulates at 2 m from fire source upstream, resulting in it temperature rise, that smoke layer can be controled above personnel characteristic height, which can not cause too much impact on evacuation ; with increase of number of shafts, smoke sedimentation rate increases at first but later decreases, that CO concentration of smoke in shaft increases at first, then reaches a relatively steady level, and finally decreases, and that when number of shafts is 3, smoke removal efficiency observed in the experiments is always at a better level wherever upstream and downstream.

关 键 词：公路隧道 自然通风 竖井 排烟效果 火灾 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]