热塑性纳米纤维的制备及功能化  

Fabrication and Functionalization of Thermoplastic Nanofibers

作　　者：刘琼珍[1] 周舟[1] 李沐芳[1] 刘轲[1] 赵青华[1] 王栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉纺织大学材料科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430200

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2014年第8期468-474,491,共8页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51003083;51273152);教育部新世纪优秀人才(NCET-12-0711);科技部863"纳米专项"(2013AA031802);湖北省杰出青年基金(2011CDA100)

摘　　要：以王栋教授领衔发明的一种新型高产出环境友好型热塑性纳米纤维的制备工艺——熔融挤出相分离法为基础,综述了热塑性纳米纤维及其膜制备的基本原理、工艺过程、功能化改性及应用研究相关进展。重点介绍了:1以纤维素为基体抽取热塑性纳米纤维的方法及结构调控的机理;2纳米纤维及其膜通过共聚接枝处理、表面原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)方法、点击化学(Click Reaction)等方法实现其功能化改性的原理;3功能性纳米纤维材料在生物传感器、抗菌、过滤分离和抗污等领域的应用,包括:具有快速检测与消灭细菌等有害微生物的协同功能的纳米纤维膜传感器、具有优异杀菌功能的纳米纤维膜、应用于水净化和重金属离子去除的高效过滤纳米纤维膜、抗非特异性蛋白吸附以及在光照下具备自清洁自消毒功能的纳米纤维材料等。最后,分析了发展新型纳米纤维的关键问题及重要性,展望了纳米纤维的未来发展方向和潜在的应用领域。This review summarized the preparation principle, processing, functionalization and related research progress of the thermoplastic nanofibers, on the basis of the new environmentally benign technique-meh extrusion phase separation method invented by the corresponding author. This high-throughput, controllable fabrication process of thermoplastic nanofibers with a biobased material, cellulose acetate butyrate （CAB） as the matrix was introduced. The specific functionalization methods of nanofibers and nanofibrous membranes, including radical graft polymerization, SI-ATRP, and click reaction were illuminated. The research progress on the application in biosensor, antibacterial materials, filtration and separation, and anti-fouling materials of nanofibers and naofibrous membrane were emphasized. New functional materials or appliances were developed, including nanofibers based sensors with synergistic functions of rapidly detecting and eliminating biohazards, antibacterial nanofibrous membranes, high efficient nanofiber membranes applied in water filtration and heavy metal ion removal, nonspecific protein resistant and photoinduced self-cleaning nanofiber membrane. The key problems for developing functional nanofibers and the importance were discussed. Finally, the promising research direction and the application fields were pointed out.

关 键 词：热塑性纳米纤维 熔融挤出相分离法 功能化 

分 类 号：TQ342.8[化学工程—化纤工业]