咸水灌溉对土壤水热盐变化及棉花产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Water-Heat-Salt Variation and Cotton Yield and Quality

作　　者：张俊鹏[1] 冯棣[1] 郑春莲[2] 孙池涛[1] 孙景生[1] 高阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,新乡453002 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,衡水053000

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2014年第9期161-167,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51179193);现代农业(棉花)产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-18-19);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(201203077)

摘　　要：为了充分利用咸水资源,采用田间对比试验,研究了1、3、5、7 g/L等4个矿化度咸水（分别用S1、S2、S3、S4表示）灌溉对棉田土壤水热盐变化特征及棉花长势、产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明,棉花生育期内各处理0-40 cm土层土壤含水率及地下5 cm处土壤温度总体上都随着灌溉水矿化度的增加而增大,但差异不大;处理间土壤电导率差异明显,灌溉水矿化度愈高,土壤电导率愈大,棉花生育期结束后,降雨对各处理盐分的淋洗率介于29.40%-40.40%。土壤水分和盐分剖面分布受制于土壤质地、降雨和棉花蒸发蒸腾耗水;干旱时期,土壤干燥,盐分表聚,湿润时期与之相反。棉花成苗率、株高、单株最大叶面积和霜前花率均随着灌溉水矿化度的增加而降低,籽棉产量从大到小依次为S2、S1、S3和S4,其中,S4与S1处理间的差异达显著水平。咸水灌溉通过改变马克隆值对纤维品质产生了负面影响,尤其是S4处理。研究结果可为丰富棉花咸水灌溉技术体系提供理论支撑。To make full use of saline water resources, the effects of irrigation with saline water of different salinity on soil water-heat-sah variation, cotton growth, yield and fiber quality were studied by field contrast experiment. The irrigation water salinities of four treatments were 1 （ S1 ）, 3 （ S2 ）, 5 （ S3 ）, 7 g/L （S4） , respectively. Results show that the soil water content in depth of 0 - 40 cm and the temperature at 5cm soil layer have little differences under every treatment during the cotton growing period. Both of them increase with the salinity. The differences of soil electrical conductivity in the treatments are significant. The higher salinity of irrigation water, the higher the soil electrical conductivity is. The leaching efficiency of rainfall on soil salt is 29.40% ~ 40.40% under each treatment at the end of cotton growth. The profile distribution of soil water and salt are restrained by soil texture, rainfall and water consumption due to cotton evapotranspiration. In drought time, soil is dry and salt accumulates in surface. But in wet period the results are opposite. The seedling rate, plant height, largest leaf area per plant and pro-frost yield of cotton decrease with the irrigation water salty rise. The cotton yields of the treatments from high to low are S2, S1, S3, S4, respectively, among which the difference between S4 and S1 treatments reaches significant level. Saline water irrigation produced a negative impact on fiber quality by changing Mic value, especially for S4 treatment. The study provides an important theoretical support for developing saline water irrigation of cotton.

关 键 词：咸水灌溉 水热盐 棉花 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S273.4