索马里海盗问题的应对与治理  

Tackling the Somalia Piracy: Responses and Governance

作　　者：樊文光[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院信息研究所 [2]<国际展望>编辑部

出　　处：《国际展望》2014年第4期134-149,154,共16页Global Review

摘　　要：在2007—2010年期间,索马里海域海盗活动之频繁、危害之大为二战以来所罕见,成为重大的国际政治、经济和安全问题。国际社会在联合国框架内积极应对,多国海军部署索马里海域护航并联手打击海盗,数国法院对海盗严审重判,反海盗行动取得了阶段性成效。但此类举措的效果是短期性的,其最大成效是将索马里海域的海盗活动降低到与世界上其他繁忙海域相当的水平。目前,索马里海盗或潜伏待机或转移活动海域,反海盗努力依然任重道远。其面临的现实困境是由于相关领域国际法规则的缺陷及实施机制的缺失,大量被捕的索马里海盗未经审判即予以释放,未得到相应的惩罚,也使国际社会的努力应对效果大打折扣。要形成打击海盗的长效机制,国际社会需由目前的被动应对转为主动治理,短期内基于现有的国际法律框架和国际合作机制遏制索马里海盗的活动,中长期则应通过综合联合国《海洋法公约》和《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》的各自优势,制定新的打击海盗的专门性国际公约,从海盗罪界定、司法管辖、刑事定罪、审判制度、调查取证等方面完善现有机制并形成完善的海盗治理机制,从而实现对索马里海盗和更为一般的海盗问题的标本兼治。The acts of Somalia piracy rose to its peak level during 2007 to 2010 since the end of World War II, bringing huge economic and human casualties and posing major threats to the world economy and international security. The international anti-piracy efforts under the UN system have produced phrasal outcomes through joint escort by multilateral naval forces, heavy-hand crackdown, and severe punishment in the court of law in many states. But all these efforts are short-term responses and can at best curb and keep acts of piracy at a relative low occurrence similar to that of other international waters. Currently, pirated off the coast of Somalia either remain inactive and wait for their time to strike again, or aim to move to other areas of international waters. Therefore, international anti-piracy campaigns are far from the end. In the absence of relevant international regulations and institutions, a large number of Somalia pirates have to be released before they are brought to justice, discounting and discrediting international commitment. To establish a sustainable and effective way of tackling the Somalia piracy, the international community needs to act more proactively. In the short-term, it should contain and crack down on the acts of piracy according to international law through international cooperation. In the longer-term, it should make full use of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation to formulate new international conventions against acts of piracy. The new conventions should focus on clarifying the definition of piracy, jurisdiction over pirate's acts, criminal conviction, judicial procedure, evidence collection, and improve existing mechanisms for governance so as to address the Somalia piracy and eradicate the root causes of acts of piracy.

关 键 词：索马里海盗 国际应对 治理困境 国际法律机制 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]