金矿区河水和底泥中重金属含量分布与耦合关系  

The distribution and coupling relationship of heavy metal content inwater and sediments in the goldmining area

作　　者：刘瑞平[1] 徐友宁[1] 李贤[1] 张江华[1] 陈华清[1] 何芳[1] 乔冈[1] 柯海玲[1] 史宇飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《地质通报》2014年第8期1220-1230,共11页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：国土资源部行业科研专项项目(编号:20111020;200811061);中国地质调查局项目(编号:1212010741003;1212011140024);国土资源部陕西潼关金矿区地质环境野外科学观测基地及国土资源部黄土地质灾害重点实验室

摘　　要：河流中河水与底泥中重金属含量之间的关系对于河流污染防治意义重大。对某金矿区3种典型河流的河水与底泥中的重金属含量进行分析,发现4条河流均有超过国家标准限值的情况,河水中7种重金属元素均出现超标,Cr、As元素超标不严重;底泥中Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn超标,其中Hg超标最严重,河水和底泥中Hg最大超标倍数分别达到3099倍和244倍。河流中重金属主要赋存形态为沉积态,底泥的吸附解吸作用是河流底泥和河水中重金属沿程变化的主控因素;金矿区区域上河水和底泥中重金属很好地服从Langmuir等温吸附模式。矿业活动、地层岩性均会影响底泥对重金属的平均最大吸附容量,流径黄土区的双桥河平均最大吸附容量最大。研究结果为矿山河流污染防治与预警提供了参考依据。The relationship of the content of heavy metals between water and sediments in a river plays a significant role in river pollu-tion prevention and control. Based on investigation and analysis of the heavy metal concentrations in three types of river, the authors studied the spatial distribution of the concentrations of heavy metals in the water and sediments and the adsorption isotherm models of their flowing through different lithologies as well as the degree of pollution, with the purpose of establishing heavy metal content coupling relationship between them in gold mine rivers. The results show that lots of heavy metal elements in all the four rivers have exceeded the national standard limit values. Seven kinds of heavy metals in river water have surpassed the set standard, in which the surpassing situation of chromium and arsenic is not serious. In sediments, mainly Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn have surpassed the set stan-dard, of which the most serious element is Hg, whose highest concentrations in water and sediments have respectively reached 3099 times and 244 times that of the set standards. The main mode of occurrence of heavy metals in the river is the deposition state, and ad-sorption-desorption of sediments is the main control factors of heavy metals pattern in river sediments and water in the stream. Viewed from adsorption-desorption equilibrium, the heavy metals in the river and the stream sediments are consistent well with the Langmuir isotherm. Different mining activities and lithologies will affect the heavy metal average maximum adsorption capacity of the sediments. The average adsorption capacity is maximum in the Shuangqiao River passing through the loess region. This conclusion provides the reference basis for the environment pollution prevention and early warning in the mining area.

关 键 词：金矿区 河水 底泥 重金属 空间分布 吸附-解吸平衡 

分 类 号：P618.51[天文地球—矿床学] X142[天文地球—地质学]