Study of Space Reactors for Exploration Missions  

作　　者：Elisa Cloquet Jean-Marc Ruault Frederic Masson Jean-Pierre Roux Nicolas Paris Brice Cazale Laurent Manifacier Christine Poinot-Salanon 

机构地区：[1]Centre National des Etudes Spatiales, Launchers Directorate, Evry 91000, France [2]TechnicAtome Group, AREVA, Aix en Provence 13100, France [3]Commissariat al 'Energie Atomique et aux energies alrenative, Direction de l 'energie nucleaire, Departement des systemes et desstructures, service des reacteurs et de mathematique appliquee, Gif-sur-Yvette 91091, France

出　　处：《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》2014年第8期1393-1408,共16页能源与动力工程（美国大卫英文）

摘　　要：Nuclear propulsion has been studied for many decades. The power density of nuclear fission is much higher than chemical process, and for missions to outer solar system requiring several hundred of kilowatts, or for flexible manned missions to Mars requiring several megawatts, nuclear electric propulsion might be the only option offering a reasonable mass in low earth orbit. Despite the existence of low power experiences--SNAP10 in the 60＇s or Buk/Topaz in the 60-80＇s--no high power reactor has been developed： investment cost, long term timeframe, high technological challenges and radioactive hazards are the main challenges we must overtake. However, it seems reasonable to look at the technical challenges that have to be overcome for a next generation of nuclear electric systems for space exploration. This paper will present some recent studies going on in France, on space reactors for exploration. Three classes of power have been considered： 10 kWe, 100 kWe, and several megawatts. Available data from previous studies and developments performed in Russia, USA, and Europe have been collected and gave us a large overview of potential technical solutions. This was the starting point of a trade-off analysis aiming at the selection of the best options, with regards to the technological readiness level in France and Europe. The resulting preliminary designs will be presented and critical technologies needing maturation activities will be highlighted.

关 键 词：Spatial nuclear reactor nuclear energy nuclear propulsion 

分 类 号：V513[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TU721.1[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]