不同种植模式对南方丘陵旱地土壤水分利用与作物周年生产力的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Water Use of Soil and Crops Annual Productivity in Southern Hilly Dryland

作　　者：汤文光[1] 肖小平[1] 唐海明[1] 杨光立[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第18期3606-3617,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD20B05)

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同坡地类型条件下不同种植模式土壤水分利用与作物周年生产力的差异,探索适宜南方丘陵旱地最佳效果的种植模式。【方法】在上坡地设春玉米-饲草(SPD1)、红薯-饲草(SPD2)、红薯//春玉米-饲草(SPD3)3种模式;中坡地设春玉米-马铃薯(ZPD1)、大豆-马铃薯(ZPD2)、大豆//春玉米-马铃薯(ZPD3)3种模式;下坡地设春玉米-秋玉米-马铃薯(XPD1)、西瓜-秋玉米-马铃薯(XPD2)、西瓜//春玉米-秋玉米-马铃薯(XPD3)3种模式。连续3年测定各种植模式的土壤含水量,计算作物耗水量(WC)、水分利用效率(WUE)、作物周年生产力及间作模式的土地当量比(LER)。【结果】上坡地上,2008、2009和2010年SPD3较SPD1的土壤含水量分别增加22.8%、21.6%和24.1%,WUE分别提高9.7%、17.8%和15.6%,作物周年生产力分别增加8.3%、16.1%和14.8%,较SPD2的土壤含水量分别增加16.1%、11.0%和14.5%,WUE分别提高61.9%、60.6%和62.5%,作物周年生产力分别增加62.4%、61.6%和64.8%;中坡地上,3年中ZPD3较ZPD1的土壤含水量分别增加12.9%、13.3%和20.9%,WUE分别提高17.9%、22.5%和20.3%,作物周年生产力分别增加17.2%、21.4%和19.6%;下坡地上,3年中XPD3较XPD1的土壤含水量分别增加15.1%、17.6%和12.9%,WUE分别提高47.5%、44.6%和38.5%,作物周年生产力分别增加41.5%、43.3%和37.6%,上述差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。3种间作模式中,LER以XPD3模式最高,3年中较ZPD3分别增加15.70%、12.45%和13.94%,较SPD3分别增加10.32%、6.31%和5.65%,达显著差异(P<0.05)。3种坡地类型之间,3年中的土壤含水量,XPD1分别较ZPD1增加5.5%、27.3%和17.3%,较SPD1分别增加77.3%、56.9%和50.9%,ZPD1较SPD1分别增加68.0%、23.3%和28.7%;XPD3的WUE较ZPD3分别提高105.4%、101.2%和102.3%,较SPD3分别提高238.2%、230.2%和246.2%;3年周年经济产量,XPD3较ZPD3分别增加195.9%、104.1%和101.2%,较SPD3分别增加230.6%、224.4%和236.3%,ZPD3较SPD3分别增加62.0%、62.8%和67.2%,�[ Objective ] In order to obtain the best planting patterns, the difference of water use and crops annual productivity in southern hilly dryland were analyzed in the present paper. [ Method] In southern hilly dryland area, nine types of experimental planting patterns including spring maize-forage grass on the hillside （SPD1）, sweet potato-forage grass on the hillside （SPD2）, watermelon// spring maize-forage grass on the hillside （SPD3）, spring maize-potato on the slope （ZPD1）, soybean-potato on the slope （ZPD2）, soybean// spring maize-potato on the slope （ZPD3）, spring maize-autumn maize-potato under the slope （XPD1）, watermelon-autumn maize-potato under the slope （XPD2）, watermelon/spring maize-autumn maize-potato under the slope （XPD3） on the hillside, on the slope and under the slope were used to study the effects of different planting patterns on soil water content, crop water consumption （WC）, water use efficiency （WUE）, crops annual productivity in southern hilly dryland, and land equivalent ratio （LER） between interplanting modes. [Result] Compared with the SPD1, soil water content were increased by 22.8%, 21.6% and 24.1% with SPD3, WUE were increased by 9.7%, 17.8% and 15.6% with SPD3, and the crops annual productivity were increased by 8.3%, 16.1% and 14.8% with SPD3, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the SPD2, soil water content increased by 16.1%, 11.0% and 14.5% with SPD3, WUE increased by 61.9%, 60.6% and 62.5% with SPD3, and the crops annual productivity increased by 62.4%, 61.6% and 64.8% with SPD3, respectively. Compared with the ZPD1, soil water content increased by 12.9%, 13.3% and 20.9% with SPD3, WUE increased by 17.9%, 22.5% and 20.3%, and the crops annual productivity increased by 17.2%, 21.4% and 19.6% with ZPD3, respectively. Compared with the XPD1, soil water content increased by 15.1%, 17.6% and 12.9% with XPD3, WUE increased by 47.5%, 44.6% and 38.5%, and the crops annual productivity increased by 41.5%, 43.3% and 37.6% with XPD3, res

关 键 词：种植模式 丘陵旱地 水分利用效率 周年生产力 玉米 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]