飞行员高原驻训后脱习服观察  

Deacclimatization observation for the pilots off the station in plateau

作　　者：王林[1] 焦玉冰[1] 薛红[1] 李英秋[1] 李卫东[1] 杨蕾[1] 单庆顺[1] 许也齐[1] 汪东军[1] 徐珀[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所载人离心机医学训练基地,北京100089

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2014年第2期91-95,共5页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：全军后勤科技“十二五”重大项目（AKJ11J005）

摘　　要：目的 研究高原环境对飞行员身心健康状态的影响及脱习服产生的主要医学问题.方法 高原驻训3个月返回平原后第4天,对19名飞行员进行高原驻训后脱习服反应问卷调查;高原驻训1个月和返回平原后1周分别对11名飞行员进行影像学检查;高原驻训3个月返回平原后第2天,对6名飞行员的生化指标进行检测. 结果 19名飞行员均出现了不同程度的脱习服反应,其中84.2％的人认为高原脱习服对工作、生活产生一定的影响.与驻训1个月比较,返回平原后1周11名飞行员肝左叶上下径减小（t＝3.211,P＜0.05）.与驻训1个月比较,返回平原后1周,V5导联R波与V1导联S波之和明显减低（t＝2.422,P＜0.05）.返回平原后1周,飞行员收缩期肺动脉瓣射血达最高所需时间较在高原时明显增加（t＝3.854,P＜0.05）.高原驻训3个月,6名飞行员的红细胞、血红蛋白、尿酸、总胆红素、甘油三酯、胱抑素L1、补体C4和白介素-10明显高于参考值（t＝2.601～7.537,P＜0.05）,免疫球蛋白A、转化生长因子β明显低于参考值（t＝2.731、16.824,P＜0.05）. 结论 影像学、心电图和生化检查均证实高原环境对飞行员产生影响.建议进入高原前对飞行员采取相应的防护措施,返回平原后实施有效的医疗康复工作.Objective To study the influences of plateau environment on pilots＇ physical and mental health and the major medical problems generated in deacclimatization.Methods Nineteen pilots were selected to answer the questionnaires on the subject of deacclimatization on the 4th day after their 3-month plateau stationing.Eleven pilots were detected by radiology in 2 phases：one-month plateau stationing and one week after plateau stationing.On the 2nd day after 3-month plateau stationing,6 pilots＇ biochemical indicators were tested.Results Nineteen pilots showed various degrees of symptoms in deacclimatization and 84.2 ％ of them complained that the symptoms in deacclimatization affected their life and normal work as they were off plateau.As compared with the values in 1-month stationing,11 pilots＇ upper and lower diameter of the left hepatic lobe reduced when they returned plain for a week 0＝3.211,P＜0.05）.As compared with that in 1-month stationing,their algebraic sum of V5 lead R wave amplitude and V1 lead S wave amplitude significantly reduced after 1 week off the stationing （t＝ 2.422,P＜0.05）.Compared with that in plateau station,the pilots＇ systolic acceleration time was significantly increased when they return to plain for 1 week （t＝3.854,P＜0.05）.Six pilots＇ red blood cell,hemoglobin,uric acid,total bilirubin,triglyceride,cystatin C,complement C4 and interleukin-10 significantly increased （t ＝ 2.601-7.537,P＜0.05）.Pilots＇ immunoglobulin A and transforming growth factor β were significantly lower than the normal values （t＝2.731,16.824,P＜0.05） when they stationed on Plateau for 3 months.Conclusions Imaging,electrocardiography and biochemical tests verified that plateau environment would influence the pilots＇ physical status.It is suggested to take protective measures for pilots before entering plateau and to carry out the effective medical rehabilitation after returning plain.

关 键 词：高海拔 习服 问卷调查 超声检查 心电描记术 血细胞 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]