抗战时期中共晋西北根据地的变工运动述论  

The Study on Exchanging Labor Movement in the Northwest Shanxi Anti-Japanese War Base Area

作　　者：董佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院讲师,北京100872

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2014年第9期56-66,共11页CPC History Studies

基　　金：2010年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“抗战时期中共对根据地社会生态改造的理论与实践研究:以陕北晋西北为例”(10YJC770018)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1941年后,中共抗日根据地面临严重困难,形势十分严峻。为打破被动局面,发展农村生产,中共晋西北根据地响应中央号召,于1943年至1945年开展了大规模的以变工互助为主要内容的农村集体化运动。但其发展并不顺利,农民对运动带来的变化心存疑虑,接连表现出心理和实际行动的排斥和抗拒。为解决矛盾,中共先后诉诸教育"翻身户"、典型示范、物质奖励、民主评议、群众监督和记录工分等办法,最终实现对变工队的有效管理,形成一种新的乡村工作方法和社会管理模式。值得注意的是,其中一些办法在新中国成立后继续沿用,成为中共未来制度化治理社会的一个范式。After 1941, there were serious difficulties in Anti-Japanese War Base Area led by CPC. In order to break the passive situation and promote rural production, the Northwest government launched rural mutual collec- tivization movement from 1943 to 1945. However, the development was not smooth, the farmers were worried about the change, and then psychological and conductive exclusion and resistance appeared. In order to solve the contradiction, the CPC had to resort to educating ＂turn over households＂, shaping models, material rewards, dem- ocratic appraisal, mass supervision, work points record, and finally fulfilled effective management of the mutual team, and formed a new rural work methods and social management mode. It＇ s worth noting that some of these measures still continue to be used after the foundation of PRC, and has become a paradigm of the institutionalization of social governance in future.

关 键 词：变工互助 农村治理 晋西北根据地 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学] K265.1[政治法律—中共党史]