消费者集体性损害赔偿诉讼的二阶构造  被引量:33

Two-stage Litigation Structure of Consumer Group Action for Damage Compensation

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作  者:黄忠顺[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国人民大学法学院

出  处:《环球法律评论》2014年第5期64-82,共19页Global Law Review

基  金:肖建国教授主持的中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费项目)"民事纠纷的多元化解决机制研究"(批准号:10XN1033)的阶段性研究成果

摘  要:消费者集体性损害赔偿案件通过个别诉讼方式解决虽符合诉讼原理,但因消费者诉讼动力不足、司法资源有限而难以穷尽经营者的不法收益。集团诉讼、团体诉讼、示范性诉讼和共同代理人诉讼等立法或者司法层面的群体性纠纷解决机制试图通过法定赋权模式或者意定赋权模式实现化繁为简的宗旨,但均在实现集体性纠纷解决的规模化效应和确保当事人最低限度的程序正义之间存在难以调和的矛盾。二阶型消费者集体性损害团体诉讼制度将法定赋权模式与意定赋权模式高度融合,则很好地解决了前述矛盾,代表着消费者集体性损害赔偿团体诉讼的未来走向。尽管我国现行《消费者权益保护法》尚未确立消费者集体性损害赔偿团体诉讼的二阶构造,但在解释论上得将确认共通性义务的一阶程序解释为公益诉讼,而将个别确定消费者债权的二阶程序解释为诉讼信托,并将消费者放弃行使的损害赔偿请求权凝集成撇去不法收益请求权并由消费者协会提起具有公益诉讼属性的补充性撇去不法收益之诉。In theory, consumer collective damage compensation disputes can be re- solved through individual litigation. However, such litigation will not be able to deprive opera- tors of all their illegal earnings due to the consumers' lack of prosecution power and judicial re- sources. Group action mechanisms, including class action, group action, model action and common agent action, try to simplify the procedure by adopting the mandatory empowerment mode or the consensual empowerment mode. However, they are all faced with the intense con- tradiction between efficiency of dispute resolution and minimum procedural justice. The two- stage litigation structure of consumer group action for damage compensation combines the advan- tages of both the mandatory empowerment mode and the consensual empowerment mode, thereby satisfactorily solving the above-mentioned contradiction and representing the future trend of de- velopment of consumer collective damage compensation litigation. Although this new litigation system has not been established by the current Chinese Consumer Pro of this litigation system, namely confirming of communal obligation, lic interest litigation ; the second stage, namely confirming individual as litigation trust; and claims for damages waived by consumers can associations in skimming-off actions. tection Law, the first stage can be interpreted as pub- claims, can be interpreted be pursued by consumers

关 键 词:公益诉讼 团体诉讼 示范性诉讼 集团诉讼 撇去不法收益之诉 

分 类 号:D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]

 

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