交往、规范与制度:哈贝马斯与马克思批判指向的比较  

Communication,Norm and System:Comparing the Critiques between Marx and Habermas

作　　者：魏小萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2014年第9期12-18,128,共7页Philosophical Research

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程重大研究项目"当代主要社会思潮的最新动态研究与批判"(编号2014YCXZD001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：作为法兰克福学派的代表人物、国际上有影响力的当代思想家，哈贝马斯的思想动态凝聚着时代的风云变幻。上个世纪80年代末和90年代初的苏东剧变在西方世界的马克思主义理论界引起了广泛而深刻的反响。哈贝马斯90年代初出版的《在事实与规范之间——关于法律和民主法治国的商谈理论》可以说就是这一反响的结果。而在此之前的《交往行动理论》则是他在后工业或者说晚期资本主义时代对马克思历史唯物主义理论的一种时代境遇下的思考。在其思想的这一发展进程中，哈贝马斯明显地转向政治上的自由主义，与自由主义左翼学者罗尔斯逐渐趋近，而与马克思渐行渐远。The present paper analyzed and compared the critique target between Marx and Habermas from those points of Communication,Norm and System,pointing out that the difference between Habermas and Marx is not only in that Habermas emphasized the difference between communicative rationality and instrumental rationality,but also in the fact that when Habermas supposes that the construction of a reasonable social structure relying on the critic function of communicative rationality,he had a different positioning from Marx on the relations between social existence and people's thinking,idea and consciousness.Habermas' communicative rationality almost did not directly touch the central problems of Marx's political economy's critical study:why and how does the equality of principle go to unavoidable the opposite side of itself,while this is happening in a normative procedure.Hence in the context of ethic norm,Habermas is getting closer to Rawls,and is making distance from Marx in the context of social critique.

关 键 词：马克思主义 交往行动理论 哈贝马斯 批判指向 历史唯物主义理论 制度 法兰克福学派 晚期资本主义 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]