奥巴马主义:内涵、缘起与前景  

Obama Doctrine:Content,Origin and Prospects

作　　者：王鸣鸣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2014年第9期108-128,159-160,共21页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：奥巴马担任美国总统之后,对美国的对外战略进行了以内向收缩为特点的一系列调整,被称为"奥巴马主义"。奥巴马政府外交转型的方向是:注重软实力、淡化外交中的意识形态因素、提倡地区安全责任分担和注重多边外交。在战略布局调整上,奥巴马主义注重全球范围的均衡用力,在西亚、北非实行"离岸制衡"和"背后领导",在亚太地区强调"再平衡"。与二战后美国对外战略的另两次"收缩型"调整不同,此次转型是在美国硬实力仍然远超任何其他国家,而且自认为有能力继续"领导世界"背景下进行的。转型的根源是美国领导人吸取前任教训,在对国际环境再认识之后,转变观念和思路,试图以更为务实的原则确定美国对外战略的手段和策略。奥巴马主义出台5年多来,其指导思想一直得到贯彻和坚持,尽管面临各种挑战,仍可能成为美国政府未来中长期对外决策的指导原则。Since he took office,Barack Obama made a series of inward oriented adjustment on the United States post cold-war foreign strategy,which is called "Obama Doctrine".He emphasizes soft-power,weakens ideological factors,asks for sharing the responsibilities for geographic security issues and applies more multilateral diplomacy during his foreign policy transition.Obama administration balances the U.S.foreign strategy globally; "offshore" and "leading from behind" in the Middle East and North Africa and "rebalancing" in the Asia-Pacific region.Different from the two inward type strategic changes in the Cold War time,Obama's adjustment is in the background of the U.S.sole superpower status and self-confident on its capability of "leading the world".The origin of this transition are the lessons from previous U.S.foreign strategies and re-understanding of the current international environment,based on which Obama was trying to make a more pragmatic and meaningful new strategy.Although facing challenges in the past and future,the new strategy has been adopted and carried out for more than five years and most will probably become mid or long term guideline for the U.S.foreign policy decision making.

关 键 词：奥巴马主义 离岸制衡 综合国力 观念转变 历史传承 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]