重新发现社区:社会机制主导的社区发展  

Community Regained: Community Development Driven by Social Mechanism

作　　者：彭兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]丽水学院民族学院

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2014年第9期77-83,158-159,共7页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省民政厅"社会机制主导的社区发展实验研究"(ZMWT201302);浙江省之江青年"地方社会管理创新"研究团队(项目编号:T8);国家社科基金项目"当代中国乡村社会变迁研究"(项目编号:12BSH064);"参与式发展视域中外援与民族自治地方自主发展研究"(项目编号:13BMZ001)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在发达国家,社区层面有效的社会治理机制有特殊生长过程。面对市场失灵,国家不得不干预市场化深入推进造成的贫困、失业和犯罪的空间集聚问题。然而,国家直接进入社区解决社会问题的方式饱受诟病,加上财政困难,国家对自己本应承担的责任表现出退缩。与此同时,社会共同体意识的兴起带有浓厚的政治动员色彩,但其对自助互助的倡导也获得了国家的支持,由此逐步形成了社会机制主导的社区发展模式。事实上,这种国家仅仅通过向社会组织提供资金、加强监管的间接干预方式比之前更加有效,且缓冲了经济发展、社会转型过程所产生的矛盾和问题对国家政治合法性的直接冲击。国家也逐步摆脱了主导社会建设所带来的负面影响,并成功实现向有效社会治理的转型。对于中国来说,国家在市场化进程中不断调整与社会的关系,寻求有效治理社会的机制,因此发达国家的经验具有一定的借鉴意义。In developed countries,effective social governance mechanisms at the level of community grow by a specific process. For the market failure,the state has to confront with the problems of poverty,unemployment and accumulation of crimes in some space caused by the further promotion of market forces. The State,however,suffered from criticism for its direct intervention in communities to solve social problems. Coupled with financial difficulties,the state flinches from its assumed responsibility for the society. At the same time,the rise of consciousness of community has a strong color of political mobilization,but its advocacy of self-help and mutual assistance received support from the state as well. It grows to be a model of community development mainly driven by social mechanisms. When the state funds community organizations and supervises their operations,it keeps itself from contradictions and problems brought by economic growth and social transformation. Getting out of the dilemma of dominating community development,the state turns to govern the society effectively. As an indirect intervention,this model is more effective than before. For China,the state is adjusting its relationship with the society and trying to find a mechanism to govern the society effectively,so the experience in developed countries has some implications for it.

关 键 词：市场失灵 国家干预 社区发展 治理转型 

分 类 号：D669.3[政治法律—政治学]