R&D影响全要素生产率的行业异质性——来自中国制造业的经验证据  

The Industrial Heterogeneity of R&D Impacts on Total Factor Productivity Based on the Empirical Test of Chinese Manufacturing Industry

作　　者：孙晓华[1] 王昀[1] 郑辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2014年第3期33-41,共9页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71073013);国家社会科学基金资助项目(10FJL011)

摘　　要：R&D是提高全要素生产率的重要途径,R&D投资对全要素生产率的促进效果会由于行业性质的差异而有所不同。本文在R&D资本存量的基础上,测算了产业间、国际贸易和FDI三种渠道下的R&D资本溢出以更为全面地考察研发投资的作用,进而以2000—2009年中国制造业数据为样本实证检验了R&D影响全要素生产率的行业异质性,结果发现:在资源加工业和机械电子业中,R&D投资和产业间R&D溢出推动了全要素生产率的增长,但国际贸易与FDI渠道下的R&D溢出对全要素生产率具有一定的抑制作用;对于轻纺制造业来说,R&D投资并没有转化为全要素生产率的提高,来自产业间、国际贸易和FDI的R&D溢出却都有助于其生产率改善。R＆D is an important way to increase the total factor productivity because it can promote technical progress and innovation.Industries vary with R＆D investment efficiency,technical spreading and absorbing capacity.These differences have resulted in the impact of R＆D on total factor productivity.This paper studies the impact of industrial R＆D heterogeneity on total factor productivity,and provides theoretical supports for government policy in making and adjusting R＆D investment.First,based on the nonparametric method of data envelopment analysis （DEA） Malmquist TFP indexes of Chinese manufacturing industries from 2000 to 2009 are measured and decomposed.Total factor productivity index （TFP）,technical efficiency index （EC） and technical progress index （TC） of 15 industries are obtained and analyzed in temporal manner and at industrial level.Second,R＆D spillover effects through inter-industry are measured based on I-O method.R＆D spillover effects through international trade and FDI are separately tested by using LP method and the degree of local production of foreign direct invested firms.Based on the basic form of Cobb-Douglas production function,an econometric model used to measure the impact of R＆D on TFP in open economy is constructed.According to the unit root test and cointegration test of panel data,all the variables＇ sequences are at 0 level and have a strict cointegrated relation to assure the reliability and accuracy of the results.Last,manufacturing industries are separated into light textile industry,resource processing industry and mechanical electron industry according to factor intensity,production characteristics and end products.Empirical tests are taken on the panel data from 2000 to 2009,and the results show that R＆D has an apparent industrial heterogeneity impact on TFP.In resource processing industry and mechanical electron industry,R＆D investment and R＆D spillover effects of inter-industry promote the increase of total factor productivity.There is marginal

关 键 词：R&D 全要素生产率 投入产出法 行业异质性 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]