工业集聚能改善环境效率吗?——基于中国城市数据的空间非线性检验  

Can Industrial Agglomeration Improve Environmental Efficiency?——Spatial Empirical Test Based on City Data in China

作　　者：沈能[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学商学院,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2014年第3期57-63,10,共8页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71003023)

摘　　要：本文利用我国284个地级市2003—2010年的数据,在测算出节能减排约束下的工业效率(环境效率)基础上,检验了我国工业集聚与环境效率之间的空间效应,并试图考察我国工业集聚外部性对环境效率的非线性影响及渠道。研究表明:不考虑能源与排放的中国城市工业平均技术效率(0.769)明显高于考虑能源与排放的影响下的工业环境效率(0.558)。从全国来看,在不同工业集聚度下,集聚的规模负外部性(污染效应)、马歇尔外部性和雅各布斯外部性(自净效应)的均衡比较结果,引致了工业集聚和环境效率在维度上的"U"型轨迹关系。中西部大部分城市工业集聚对环境的影响主要表现为规模负外部性,处于"U"曲线的下降阶段;东部大部分城市工业集聚对环境的影响主要表现为马歇尔和雅各布斯正外部性,接近"U"曲线的上升阶段;我国工业集聚与环境效率在邻近地域上有明显的连续性和粘滞性,体现为一种空间趋同效应,本城市对相邻城市的环境冲击更多体现出整体城市结构性特征。在节能减排工作中,要充分发挥工业空间集聚的"自净效应",同时高度重视环境污染(政策)的空间相关性,加强跨地区的环境合作。The existing study emphasizes on the role of industrial agglomeration promoting regional economic growth and industrial efficiency but neglects the negative environmental externality brought by the industrial agglomeration scale as well as the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction brought by Marshall ‘ s and Jacobs＇s externality.Therefore,reviewing the relationship between industrial agglomeration and efficiency under the constraint of energy conservation and emission reduction is of great significance for sustainable development in different regions of China.Based on a set of panel data comprised of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2010,the paper （1） estimates industrial efficiency under the constraints of emission reduction and energy saving （environmental efficiency）,（2） examines the spatial effect of interaction between industrial agglomeration and environmental efficiency,（3） analyzes nonlinear effect of industrial agglomeration externalities on environmental efficiency,and （4） attempts to explore the internal mechanisms of energy conservation and emission reduction.Firstly,the paper utilizes the improved SBM model to accurately measure unban industrial environmental efficiency and evaluate environment-economy coordination.The research results indicate that urban industrial technical efficiency in China is significantly higher than the industrial environmental efficiency considering energy saving and carbon emissions.Environmental pollution has brought great losses to industrial efficiency.Neglect of pollution emission factors will affect the accuracy of environmental assessment.Spatially,the environmental efficiency in the eastern cities is the highest in China.In the long time,the urban environmental efficiency of China is decreasing rapidly.Secondly,the paper uses the spatial panel model to study the impact of agglomeration externalities on environmental efficiency and spatial effect.Although industrial agglomeration brings negative externalities to

关 键 词：工业集聚 环境效率 节能减排 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]