行业干中学、市场规模与市场结构——中国微观制造企业的实证研究  

Learning by Doing,Market Size and Market Structure——the Empirical study of the Micro Manufacturing Enterprises in China

作　　者：鲍宗客[1] 陈艳莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2014年第3期74-82,共9页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70603003);霍英东教育基金会资助项目(121081);教育部新世纪人才支持项目(NCET-08-0083);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(DUT12RW302)

摘　　要：本文使用中国制造业微观企业1999至2007年的大样本数据,探讨干中学在市场规模扩张的过程中对市场结构动态变化的影响。研究发现,干中学有助于提高行业市场集中度的下限;其次,在较低的干中学行业中,随着市场规模的增加,行业会形成无序的片状的市场结构,行业集中度极度分散;然后,在动态的市场结构中,行业的干中学效应有助于缓解市场结构扩散,使行业市场结构的变动保持一种"粘性";最后,在很高的干中学行业中,行业的市场集中度会呈现U型的态势,当市场规模达到最佳市场规模后,行业的市场集中度开始上升,此时,内生的市场壁垒会催生行业的市场势力。Learning by doing refers to the improvement of labor productivity in the process of production and material capital accumulation.Since the 1990s,the rapid economic growth in China has been closely associated with the learning by doing mechanism.Chinese manufacturers have a strong learning ability and can access to advanced technology.The operational adaptabiity has made China become a global manufacturing center.The current theory defines learning by doing as sourcing technology.This paper does not measure learning by doing using the traditional approach.We estimate the degree of learning by doing in four domestic manufacturing industries instead of measuring the learning by doing based on the influence of the structure of the Chinese manufacturing industries.The first section introduces the basic model of learning by doing,market scale and market structure.We further expand and revise Sutton market structure model to in order to explain different domestic manufacturing situations.In accordance with high-low degree of learning by doing,we derive industries enterprise number equilibriums in both low andhigh learning by doing cases.The second section introduces the method which measures the learning by doing.The method contains two procedures：total factor productivity and material capital accumulation form total factor productivity.The third section is data and statistical analysis.Our data collects from the domestic industrial enterprise statistics database,including more than 150 thousands manufacturing enterprise.Accordingly,we calculate the degree of learning by doing for domestic manufacturing industries.We finds that the learning bydoing performs heterogeneously across industries.The highest value is 0.543 for special equipment manufacturing and the minimum value is 0.131 for the manufacturing of leather,fur,and feathers （wool）.From the learning slope,the manufacturing industry ranges from 68.3％ to 91.3％.The average learning slope is 80.2％.The initial investment can reduce 19.8％ of manufacturing

关 键 词：干中学 市场结构 市场集中度 市场规模 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]