民国元勋程德全——程德全在辛亥革命中的贡献新说  

Cheng Dequan:A Founding-father of the Republic of China and His Contributions to Xinhai Revolution

作　　者：高钟[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州科技学院人文学院,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《苏州科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期47-54,85,共9页Journal of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou:Social Science

基　　金：江苏省社科研究基金项目"辛亥革命苏州‘和平光复’模式研究"(11LA002)

摘　　要：民国元勋程德全在辛亥革命中主导的苏州"和平光复"模式,与"武昌首义"的暴力革命模式,是民国建立的两大典范模式。正是在苏州和平光复模式的影响下,东南六省五天内宣布光复。同时程德全以苏州之财力组建江浙联军,督师攻克南京,在辛亥革命首义之地——武昌岌岌可危之际,在南京确立了革命的新基地。苏州和平光复使江南财赋不再为清廷所有,清廷失去东南漕粮与财经支持而无法持久。辛亥革命首义于武昌,收功则在江南,转折点在苏州。程德全就是推动这一历史转折的民国元勋。但近百年以来,对程德全的历史评价缺乏公正。"和平光复"是"投机革命"之说盛行。近十多年以来,史学界对程的历史功绩有了比较客观的评价,但对于程主导的苏州"和平光复"于民国创立的重大历史贡献,依然存在认识不足,需要重新加以铨释。Cheng Dequan（1860-1930）,a founding-father of the Republic of China adopted the model of“Peaceful Restoration”in Suzhou in Xinhai Revolution or the Chinese Revolution in 1911.Just like the model of Wuchang Up-rising,a violent revolutionay model,it is another classic revolutionay model siginifying the success of Xinhai Revo-lution.Precisely due to the influence of“Peaceful Restoration”in Suzhou,the six provinces in Southeast China de-clared themselves”restored”one after another within five days.Meanwhile,with the financial support of Suzhou, Cheng established Jiangsu-Zhejiang allied forces and led the army to take over Nanjing.As a result,when Wuchang,the first place where Xinhai Revolution took place,was in precarious situation,Nanj ing,a new reolution-ary base was established.The loss of Suzhou turned out to be a disastrous blow to the Qing court as its revenues and tribute rice meant a great deal to them.As a consequence,the Qing court could not hold much longer and had to de-clare abdicate its power to Yuan Shikai（1859-1916）.Starting from its first uprising in Wuchang,Xinhai Revolution established its final success in Southeast China but what happened in Suzhou was its turning point and Cheng was undoubtedly a foundingfather who helped realize this turning point.However,in the past 100 years or so,historical reviews on Cheng”s decisions are unjust as the influence of ideological history.Many held that Cheng joined the rev-olution in order to seek personal gains rather than realize revolution in a peaceful way.In the past few decades,the circles of histort have made relatively obj ective reviews about Cheng”s historical role.Still,people still have not yet fully realized the immense contributions of the Peaceful Restoration initated by Cheng in Suzhou to the founding of the Republic of China.Therefore,new interpretations are necessary.

关 键 词：程德全 民国元勋 和平光复 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]