农民土地财产权保护的观念转变及其立法回应——以农村集体经济有效实现为视角  

Transformation of Ideas about the Protection of Farmer's Land Rights and Legislative Responses Thereof

作　　者：耿卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2014年第5期98-113,共16页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目"城镇化进程中农民土地产权的法律保护"(13SFB3025);国家社科基金重大招标项目"我国农村集体经济有效实现的法律制度研究"(09&ZD043)的主要成果

摘　　要：农民土地财产权利保护需要农村集体经济有效实现。现有政策和制度安排、理论研究以及各地实践探索等各个层面在观念上存在一些偏差乃至错误的倾向,亟待转变,应在权利视角下遵循"权利赋予和回归、权利行使和运作、权利救济和保障"的逻辑主线加以更新。为此,在主体方面,未来立法应实现从偏重农民个体到重视农民及其集体的观念转变,在农民个体与农民集体关系上实现从失衡到均衡。在客体方面,未来立法应实现从"让利"到"还权"、从轻视财产权到重视财产权的观念转变。相关立法对此应积极回应,在价值取向上以自由为目标、以平等为基础、以秩序为前提、以效率为手段,最终实现公平;在立法原则上实现从政策到法律的转变,注重立法的体系性和科学性;在基本思路上坚持集体与个体的双重视角,并针对具体权利类型进行相应的制度设计。Effective realization of rural collective economy is essential to the protection of farmers＇ land rights. Currently there are some ideological deviations and mistakes in the existing policies, in- stitutional arrangements, theories and practices relating to the protection of farmers＇ land rights, which urgently need to be rectified from the perspective of rights by following the logic thread of ＂em- powerment and re-empowerment, exercise and operation of rights, and remedies for and safeguarding of rights＂. As far as the subjects of right are concerned, the future legislation should shift its empha- sis from individual farmers to farmers and their collectives, and strike a balance between individual farmers and their collectives. As far as the objects of rights are concerned, the emphasis of future leg- islation should be shifted from property to property rights. The relevant laws should also make positive response to this change in terms of value orientation by taking freedom as their objective, equality their basis, order as their precondition, and efficiency as their means, so as to realize fairness and justice. As far as legislative principle is concerned, a transition should be made from policy to law and attention should be paid to make legislation more systemic and scientific. With respect to basic thinking, a dual perspective of collective and individual should be adhered to and institutional designs should be made in light of concrete categories of rights.

关 键 词：农民土地财产权利 农民集体 农村集体经济 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学]