奶公犊肉用性能及肉质变化规律分析  

Analysis of beef performance and quality changes of dairy bull calves

作　　者：吴宏达[1] 王嘉博[1] 亓美玉[1] 杨洁 赵晓川[1] 孙芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省畜牧业协会,哈尔滨150069

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2014年第8期55-64,共10页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关计划(GC13B410)

摘　　要：为提升荷斯坦奶公牛肉品质,对荷斯坦奶公牛进行从出生到屠宰为期12个月的跟踪式饲养记录。对比48日龄、3月龄、6月龄以及12月龄奶4个组别公牛生长、屠宰及肉质性状数据,分析不同月龄之间体重和屠宰率与肉质性状的相关性。结果表明,1荷斯坦奶公牛体重变化符合"S"型曲线,日增重以6月龄最高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。2 4个组别屠宰数据:随着月龄的增加,胴体重、净肉重、骨重逐渐升高,差异显著(P<0.05)。屠宰率、净肉率、胴体产肉率、肉骨比略有变化,差异不显著(P>0.05)。3 6月龄肉质关键脂肪酸含量低于其他月龄,但必需脂肪酸(P<0.01)及不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。4相关性分析表明,体重与嫩度,体重与眼肌面积,在四个月龄组内的相关性保持一致(R2>0.8),但12月龄组肉色与屠宰率的相关系数不同于其他三组,呈正相关(相关系数a,A:-0.26,B:-0.05,C:-0.46,D:1.469)。The paper was carried out to thoroughly compare the growth traits of dairy bull calves in different stages to improve meat quality of Holstein bull cattle. Track record to the dairy bull cattle was performed during the 12-month feeding process. The weight changes were also analyzed from calf birth to 12 months. In addition, we compared the slaughter, cutting and meat quality analysis data at the age of 48-day, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month, analyzed the correlation between slaughter traits and meat quality traits using linear regression equation. The results showed that：①The average daily gain was in accord with ＆quot;S＆quot; type growth curve. ② As the age increased, the weights of carcass, meat and bone increased and were significantly different between those calves at the ages of 48 days, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. While the dressing percentage, neat percentage, percentage of retail cuts and meat-bone ratio were not significantly different, although with slightly difference.③The content of key fatty acids in the beef of 6-month calves was lower than those of other months, while the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid was the highest.④Correlation analysis revealed that correlation coefficients between weight and meat tenderness, weight and area of eye muscle were kept consistent among the four groups （R2〉0.8）, while the meat color was correlated positively with dressing percen-tage when cattle were at the age of 12 months, which was different from other three groups （correlation coefficient a：A：-0.26, B：-0.05, C：-0.46, D：1.469）.

关 键 词：奶公牛 生长性状 屠宰性状 肉质性状 线性分析 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学] Q782[农业科学—畜牧兽医]