我国中原局部地区农村环境卫生调查  

Survey on environmental sanitation in local area of central plains, China

作　　者：陈国良[1,2] 谭凤珠[3] 张金良[1] 刘玲[1] 王先良[1] 赵秀阁[1] 方秀杰[1] 郑丙辉[1] 孟伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心 [3]河北医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生教研室

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2014年第6期496-498,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：环境保护部淮河流域环境污染与健康调查项目

摘　　要：目的了解中原地区农民居住以及生活环境条件,为环境综合治理提供依据。方法于2010—2011年对中原地区3省7个县区560户农村家庭采用现场观察和入户调查的方式,调查垃圾、污水处理、水源及饮用水、厕所等环境卫生状况及相关因素。结果 28.2%(158/560)的家庭庭院整体卫生状况较好;59.8%(335/560)的庭院有散养的家禽家畜,30.2%(169/560)的院落中可见禽畜粪便;58.2%(326/560)的家庭随意堆放生活垃圾,47.9%(268/560)的家庭随意倾倒生活污水,20.7%(116/560)的家庭将污水直接倒入水沟和河流。调查农户以生物质燃料(木材、秸秆等)和煤为主要炊用燃料,分别占61.3%(343/560)和40.4%(226/560)。66.8%(374/560)的家庭为分散式取水,饮用浅层地下水,其中65.9%(369/560)的水井距厕所距离在20m之内,31.6%(177/560)的水井距水塘、池塘距离在50 m之内。调查农户厕所简陋,其中25.9%(145/560)没有顶棚,43.8%(245/560)未清理干净。结论应加强调查地区改水改厕和垃圾污水处理,改善环境卫生状况。Objective To describe the farmers＇ living environment conditions of the investigated areas, and provide information for the environmental comprehensive treatment. Methods A total of 560 rural families from seven counties in central China were chosen as the subjects during 2010 to 2011. With the method of field observation and household storeys, garbage, sewage treatment, water source and drinking water, sanitation status and related factors were investigated. Results The general courtyard sanitation of all the households was not so good. Only 28.2% （158/560） of the investigated families showed good conditions in overall sanitation; Free-range pouhry or livestock were found in 59.8% （335/560） of families; Livestock manure could be found in 30.2% （169/560） of families; Garbage was discarded randomly in 58.2% （326/560） of families; Sewage was discarded randomly in 47.9% （268/560） of families, and sewage was drained into the ditch and river directly in 20.7% （116/560） of families . Biomass fuels （wood or straw） and coal were still the main cooking fuel in the surveyed areas, aecounting for 61.3% （343/560） and 40.4%0 （226/560） respectively among families. Drinking water from wells was used in 66.8%（374/560） of the households, 65.9% （369/560） of which were located within 20 m far from the toilets, 31.6%（177/560） of which were located within 50 m far from the ponds. The surveyed toilets were hardly sanitary,25.9%（145/560） of which had no ceilings, 43.8%（245/560） of which were not clean. Conclusion The water supply systems, toilets,garbage and sewage disposal in the surveyed areas should be strengthened to improve the environmental sanitation.

关 键 词：农村居民 居住环境 环境卫生 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]