展示相对性原理和电磁场相对性的一个佳例  

A good example not only revealing the principle of relativity but also relativity of electromagnetic fields

作　　者：谷建生[1] 宋丽华[1] 常春蕊[1] 莫文玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北联合大学理学院,河北唐山063000 [2]河北联合大学以升创新教育基地,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《大学物理》2014年第9期24-26,31,共4页College Physics

基　　金：河北联合大学教育教学改革重点资助项目(Z1112-12)和一般资助项目(Y13116-66)

摘　　要：以条形磁铁与导体圆环相对运动为例,依据导体圆环产生感应电流这一事实,首先讨论了条形磁铁参考系和导体圆环参考系下电场和磁场的不同.并在条形磁铁参考系下,从产生动生电动势的物理本质洛伦兹力出发,导出了法拉第电磁感应定律.然后,在导体圆环参考系下,由相对性原理直接给出了感生电场性质的数学表述,并深入讨论了电场和磁场的联系.最后,给出了爱因斯坦和费曼对该问题的不同思考并进行了简单分析.The relative motion between a bar magnet and a conducting ring is considered to be an example, we firstly discuss the difference of electric and magnetic field in the magnet and the ring reference system. Also, starting from Lorentz force which is the nature of motional emf in the magnet reference system, we deduce Faraday＇s law of induction. Then we directly give the mathematical expression of the property of induced electric field by using the principle of relativity and in-depth discussion of the relation between the electric field and the magnetic field in the ring reference system. Finally, we present and simple analysis different consideration of Einstein and Feynman on this issue.

关 键 词：相对性原理 洛伦兹力 法拉第电磁感应定律 电磁场相对性 

分 类 号：O441.3[理学—电磁学]