半干旱区人工封育草场植物群落物种多样性与复杂性研究──以宁夏盐池为例  

Diversity of Plant Species and Communities Complexity in Artificial Fencing Region of Semi-Arid Area——A Case Study of Yanchi County of Ningxia

作　　者：刘小丹[1] 李瑞 张克斌[1] 艾哈迈德.比拉勒 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]贵州省水土保持监测站,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第7期1093-1101,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771764);国家林业局资助项目(660550)

摘　　要：围栏封育促进植被恢复效果研究方法很多，其中通过研究植被的群落特征及物种多样性来阐述恢复状况仍是比较常用和有效的手段，但多样性测度对生物群落的自组织及有序性方面的特征描述欠缺，鉴于此，多样性与复杂性测度结合起来研究群落结构与功能显得更有意义。研究人工封育对植被恢复过程中群落的多样性与复杂性的影响，必然有助于揭示生态恢复过程机理。目前，利用多样性与复杂性测度相结合来对群落结构进行量化研究不多，用于对草原生态系统植物群落结构研究更少。本文通过样地调查，利用多样性和复杂性指数相结合定量研究半干旱区人工封育草场植物群落物种多样性、复杂性随封育年限的变化规律，并对比分析复杂性与物种多样性之间的相关性。结果表明，（1）老封育区、新封育区丰富度指数整体高于对照区，说明封育有利于物种丰富度的增加。但随封育时间的延长，封育区的优势种占据主要的资源空间，丰富度指数降低。长时间封育，草场植被丰富度将发生规律性波动变化，低峰值和高峰值出现频率均约为4~5年/次。老封育区、新封育区的SW、SP多样性指数值大部分也高于对照区，说明封育措施增加草场植被的多样性。物种多样性指数受降水影响显著，当降水量增加或减少时，多样性指数也相应出现增加或减少，但降水影响效应具有一定的滞后性。老封育区、新封育区均匀度变化比较平稳，且指数值高于对照区，说明封育有利于均匀度的增加。（2）老封育区、新封育区总复杂性指数、无序结构复杂性指数值大部分比对照区指数值高，且指数波动相对平稳，说明封育区群落结构比对照区稳定，更适合荒漠草原植被的生长，封育增加了群落总复杂性、无序结构复杂性。封育也提高群落有序结构复杂性，但�There are many methods which used to studies the effects of vegetation grown under the fencing condition. These methods are used to demonstrate the condition of vegetation restoration through the study of various characteristics of vegetation communities and species diversity. These methods are still a relatively common and effective means but diversity measure lacks characteristics description about self-organization and uniformity of biological communities. In view of this, it is more meaningful to combine diversity and complexity measure for the study of structure and functions of these communities. This research study shows the impacts of artificial fencing on the diversity and complexity of communities in the process of vegetation restoration which will inevitably help to reveal the mechanism of ecological restoration. Currently there is few research studies of combining both species diversity and complexity measure are used to study the quantitative structure of plant communities, with few reports on grassland ecosystem. The plant communities in artificial fencing pasture in semi-arid area were explored in this study. The diversity and complexity measure were used to study of the diversity and complexity of plant communities, as well as the relationship between complexity and species diversity. The results showed that：（1） the richness values in old and new fencing areas were higher than in the contrast area which indicated that fencing helped to increase species richness. Long-time fencing would occur regularly richness fluctuations to pasture vegetation, and frequency of occurrence of the high and low peak value was about 4 to 5 years/time. Most of diversity index values i.e. Shannon-Wiener diversity（SW）and Simpson diversity（SP）in old and new fencing areas were also higher than in the contrast area, which indicated that fencing measure increased the diversity of grassland vegetation. Species diversity indices were significantly influenced by precipitation, when precipitation increased or decr

关 键 词：半干旱区 人工封育 植物群落 物种多样性 群落复杂性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]