论清王朝“因俗而治”的治藏政策——基于涉藏刑事案件处理问题的考察  

The Policy of “Rule by Customs” on Tibet in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：冯志伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津政法管理干部学院法学系,天津300382

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第6期114-119,共6页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国法学会2013部级课题"清朝涉藏民刑案件研究";编号CLS(2013)C89;国家社科基金2014年青年项目"清王朝涉藏重大刑事案件处理程序研究";编号14CFX057

摘　　要："因俗而治"是清王朝统治和管理边疆地区时采用的重要策略之一。在涉藏刑事案件处理过程中,这一政策同样得到了深入地遵守和贯彻,使得司法程序、审理主体和裁断原则都体现出了"从俗从宜"的特点。"因俗而治"原则在处理涉藏刑事案件过程中的运用,降低了清王朝控制藏区的难度,节约了平息事乱的成本,也大大提高了行政效率。尽管在长期的政策实施过程中,出现了官府控制力削弱、地方势力增强以及妨碍地方发展等问题,但从国家政权巩固的角度看,"因俗而治"却是稳定藏区行之有效的策略。The ＂rule by customs＂ is one of the important strategies of the Qing Dynasty in its rule and administration of border areas, as is evident in its serious adherence and implementation in handling criminal cases related to Tibet, thus being characteristic of ＂following local customs and befitting specific situations＂ in terms of the judicial procedure, the trial subject and the judgment principle. The use of the principle of ＂ rule by customs＂ in handling Tibet-related criminal cases has not only reduced the difficulty of the Qing Dynasty in its control of Tibetan areas but also saved its cost in suppressing riots and enhanced its administrative efficiency. Despite the weakening of the central government control, the increase of local power and the hindrance to local development, etc in the long-term implementation of the policy, the ＂rule by customs＂ is surely an effective strategy for stabilizing Tibetan areas from the perspective of national power consolidation.

关 键 词：清代 因俗而治 治藏政策 刑事案件 司法适用 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]