泥石流危害桥隧工程易损性评价  

Engineering vulnerability assessment for bridges and tunnels harmed by debris flow hazards

作　　者：徐林荣[1] 陈舒阳[1] 曹禄来 

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《岩土力学》2014年第9期2642-2650,共9页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41272376);铁道部专项项目(No.2011G017-C);西部交通建设科技项目(No.200831800087)

摘　　要：为将泥石流灾害损失评价由宏观价值评判提升至可为工程服务,曾提出了基于结构损毁程度评判的工程易损性概念。然而,诸如桥隧工程在遭受泥石流危害时,仅靠结构损毁程度无法正确判定实际灾情,会导致对功能完全损失而结构受损较轻的受灾工况"轻"判、功能尚可而结构损毁较重的受灾工况"重"判。鉴于此,在原有结构损毁程度评判的基础上,通过增加承灾特征、线路规格、恢复成本等桥隧工程使用功能的影响因素,形成了既关注"结构损毁",又重视"功能损失"的泥石流危害桥隧工程易损性评价方法。实例分析表明,该方法克服了单一结构评判的不足,与现场灾情更为相符。这丰富并发展了工程易损性评价的内涵,使评价结果更为全面、合理,对正确预判或验证桥隧工程遭受泥石流危害受灾情况,合理妥善地准备或及时准确地启动应急预案,具有重要意义。In order to advance debris flow loss assessment from macroeconomic evaluation to service for civil engineering, the concept of engineering vulnerability based on structural devastation extent of civil engineering infrastructures is put forward. However, for those engineering harmed by debris flow hazards, such as bridges and tunnels, it is insufficient to determine the actual disaster loss merely according to structural devastation extent. When the engineering function is completely lost but structure slightly damaged, its vulnerability can be underestimated. Besides, when the engineering function is fairly workable but structure severely damaged, its vulnerability can be overestimated. Therefore, on the basis of the conventional assessment of structural devastation extent, the influencing factors for bridges and tunnels’ function is introduced, such as hazard-affected characteristics, railway/highway ranking and restoration cost. Thus, the engineering vulnerability assessment method for bridges and tunnels harmed by debris flow hazards is proposed, considering both structural devastation and function loss. In the case study, the assessing results show that the insufficiency of the conventional structural assessment can be overcome by this method. This method extends and develops the concept of engineering vulnerability, which makes the assessment more comprehensive and credible. Hence, it is concluded that this method is of great significance to correctly predict and verify the disaster situation of bridges and tunnels harmed by debris flow hazard, to properly prepare the emergency plans or to initiate a quick response.

关 键 词：泥石流 工程易损性 桥隧工程 结构损毁 功能损失 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]