论对无国籍人和难民实施外交保护的权利——以联合国《外交保护条款草案》为线索  

Diplomatic Protection for Stateless Persons and Refugees:A Discussion Based on Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection Of the United Nations

作　　者：张磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期38-44,69,共8页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第51批一等资助项目"外交保护中跨国公司国籍法律制度研究"(2012M510096);中国法学会部级法学研究课题"外交保护中的公司国籍问题研究"(CLS(2012)D234);上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目(国际法学J51103)

摘　　要：根据传统国际法,无国籍和难民都无法得到任何国家的外交保护。为了解决这个难题,联合国国际法委员会2006年通过的《外交保护条款草案》第8条允许无国籍人和难民"合法的和惯常的居所"所在国在一定条件下对其实施外交保护。对于无国籍人而言,这种改进具有一定的合理性。然而,对于难民而言,却存在两方面的问题:第一,难民的定义有待改进,否则无法保障上述条文的有效实施;第二,难民"合法的和惯常的居所"所在国不能针对难民的国籍国实施外交保护。According to the traditional international law, stateless persons and refugees are not entitled to diplomatic protection from any country. However, Article 8 of the Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection adopted by the International Law Commission of the United Nations permits a country to provide diplomatic protection for stateless persons and refugees of lawful and habitual residence under certain circumstances, which bears some reasonability. However, there remain two problems： ＂refugees＂ needs to be redifined to guarantee effective implementation of the Article; and the country of ＂lawful and habitual residence＇can not provide diplomatic protection against the refugees~ state of nationality.

关 键 词：外交保护 无国籍人 难民 联合国 《外交保护条款草案》 

分 类 号：D993.7[政治法律—国际法学]