黑河流域河道径流和人类活动对地下水动态的影响  

IMPACT OF STREAM RUNOFF CHANGE AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE GROUNDWATER REGIME IN HEIHE RIVER BASIN,NORTHWEST CHINA

作　　者：姚莹莹[1] 刘杰[1] 张爱静[1] 李希[1] 田勇[1] 郑春苗[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学水资源研究中心,北京100871 [2]美国阿拉巴马大学地质科学系,塔斯卡卢萨阿拉巴马35487

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2014年第5期973-981,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:912253003;91025019和41271032)资助

摘　　要：文章概述了西北内陆干旱区黑河流域地下水系统的构成及第四纪含水层分布,在系统收集整理1986～2009年间黑河流域河道径流、地下水位、灌溉引水资料及补充调查成果的基础上,重点分析了径流变化和人类活动对流域地下水动态的影响.根据高程梯度、地貌类型和径流对平原地下水系统的补给作用,流域地下水动态类型可分为3个典型区：1）山前潜水含水层强入渗补给区,河道过水量控制着年地下水位变幅;2）冲积扇边缘细土平原承压含水层区,人类活动干预下的地表-地下水复杂交互过程使地下水位多年变化呈动态平衡状态;3）下游荒漠平原入渗生态补给区,政策性分水计划强烈影响地下水动态变化和空间分布.地表-地下水交互过程强烈影响地下水系统的动态平衡,且在不同区域呈现的时间尺度不同.中游绿洲农业区的人类活动通过政策性的水量再分配及土地利用空间格局变化影响地下水的循环路径及补径排条件.通过建立地表-地下水-生态水文过程耦合模型是量化动态水循环过程、合理管理地表-地下水资源的迫切需求,是未来干旱区水资源可持续利用研究的方向.The Heihe River basin （HRB） is the second largest inland river basin in Northwest China,with a core area of approximately 130,000km2.The HRB is stretching from the Qilian Mountains in the south,going through the oases and agricultural fields in the middle stream and further extending to the Gobi desert in the north bordering （37°30′～ 45°20′N,96°00～104°00E）.Taking the H RB as an example,this study attempts to assess the impact of stream runoff change and human activities on the groundwater regime.Based on our hydrogeological survey and previous studies,the structure of the groundwater flow system and the distribution of major aquifers are presented.The entire HRB,including the Qilian Mountains,can be divided into eight major hydrogeological zones.By statistical analyzing the dataset of stream runoff,groundwater levels,water use and irrigation during 1986 to 2009,the impacts of stream runoff change and human activities on the groundwater dynamics are assessed and quantified,respectively.According to the variations of elevation and landscape as well as characteristics of hydrogeological conditions,the impact of stream runoff on the groundwater regime in the entire HRB can be divided into three subregion categories.The first is piedmont alluvial plain in the middle HRB where stream recharges groundwater aquifers with high hydraulic conductivities.In this area,the runoff regime controls the groundwater level change.With the increase of runoff after 2000,the groundwater level rises accordingly.The second is the edge of the alluvial fan in the middle HRB where stream and groundwater interact frequently with complex flow paths.As the complex interaction between surface water and groundwater as well as the change of the water use structure,the groundwater level represents the different trend.The third is the desert plain area in the lower HRB where stream is the major recharges of the aquifers and the evaporation is over 3000mm per year.The groundwater level is doublecontrolled by stream runoff and the

关 键 词：内陆河流域黑河流域 地下水系统 径流 人类活动 

分 类 号：P641.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]