17、18世纪欧洲自然法学说：方法、知识谱系与作用  

Natural Law in the 17th and 18th Century Europe:Method,Knowledge Pedigree and Influence

作　　者：舒国滢[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]“2011计划”司法文明协同创新中心 [2]中国政法大学

出　　处：《比较法研究》2014年第5期1-19,共19页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目“法学成长中的方法与知识谱系”(项目编号:14ZDA07)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在17、18世纪,"自然法"适时地充任"特定的人类知识形式"的角色:它成为"第一现代法哲学",几乎是这个时期所有的学者所能理解的一种"共同的语言"。不同的作者、学派和思潮都共享相同的认识论和方法论,均以相同的方式构想自然法"科学",即从科学的内在结构出发来建构各自的自然法学说。从这个意义上讲,新的自然法学说可以笼统地称为"理性主义的自然法学说"。自然法的新知识途径提供了新的解释方法,这对于部分专业法学家(特别是私法学家)构建其学说体系无疑起到了一定的影响作用。不仅如此,17、18世纪的自然法理论及依此而建构的法律(私法)体系伴随着启蒙运动,共同在西欧促进了18世纪50年代以降,尤其是18世纪90年代后的法典化运动的洪流,自然法的理想透过各国的法典编纂而得以体现,这些法典也被统称为"自然法法典"。Natural law played the role of special knowledge form of human beings in the 17th and 18th century. The natural law became the first modern legal philosophy which was the common language understood by the scholars in that age. Different scholars, schools and thoughts share the same epistemology and methodology and conceive the science of natural law in the same way, namely conceiving the different natural law in the light of the scientific inner construction. Therefore the new natural law was called rationalistic natural law in this sense. The new knowledge of natural law provided the new method of legal interpretation which help some jurists, especially civil jurists, to conceive the thought system. What＇ s more, natural law in 17th and 18th century and the legal system based on natural law with the Enlightenment promoted the campaign of legal codification beginning in 1750s. The codification of law in deferent nations had ideas of natural law, so those codes were called natural codes.

关 键 词：格老秀斯 几何学 理性 法教义学 自然法法典 

分 类 号：D909.1[政治法律—法学理论]