独立担保欺诈例外的类型化——兼评我国独立保函司法解释征求意见稿  

Categorization of Fraud under Fraud Exception in the Law of Independent Guarantees: Commentary on the Draft of the Relevant Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court of P. R. C.

作　　者：刘斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2014年第5期123-135,共13页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：教育部2010年度规划基金项目"独立担保法律问题研究"(10YJA820022)的终期研究成果之一

摘　　要：基于不同的法理基础,独立担保的欺诈例外规则在各国不断发展,并呈现出了类型化的趋势,主要包括单据欺诈、单据无效和实质性欺诈等三种情形。其中,单据欺诈和单据无效这两种情形对于信用证和独立担保同样适用;而实质性欺诈对独立担保而言具有更重要的意义,其应该被严格限制在与独立担保的索款行为紧密联系并且构成实质性的欺诈范围内。面对我国缺乏一致性的司法实践,独立保函司法解释的征求意见稿对欺诈性索款进行了界定,但仍然不够严格,影响了其作为商事担保的确定性和迅捷性。Based on different types of jurisprudences, the fraud rule of independent guarantees has been developed in different countries, and the standards of judging fraud have fallen into three major categories, i.e. the fraud in the documents, nullity of documents, and the material fraud. The former two circumstances apply to the letters of credit and independent guarantees at the same time, but the latter one relates more closely to the independent guarantees. The standard of material fraud under UCC article 5 is similar to the rule of British law, which provides a great reflection to the drafting of Chinese rules. Only by restricting the circumstances of material fraud very strictly, the business efficiency and legal certainty could not be jeopardized.

关 键 词：独立担保 欺诈例外 单据欺诈 单据无效 实质性欺诈 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]