德国侵权法上的招惹规则——从追踪人请求损害赔偿的判例和学说切入  

The Rule of Challenge in German Tort Law: An Insight into Case Law and Doctrine of Damage Caused by Chase

作　　者：张敏 

机构地区：[1]德国哥廷根大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2014年第5期175-184,共10页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：招惹规则属于德国判例法的一项成果,主要由近50年以来一系列追踪判例发展而来。根据德国联邦最高法院的审判要旨,凡以可谴责的方式,使他人受到招惹,并出于正当的动机实施某种介入行为,引起风险升高,而且介入的目的与风险处于适度的关系,则须对所产生的损害承担赔偿责任。关于这一规则的理论争鸣主要集中在对"适当性"这项构成要件的理解、该规则与其他因果关系理论的关系以及它在各种精神中介的因果关系案例类型中的可适用性。我国侵权法可以通过吸纳德国招惹规则要求的核心构成要件,构建一般因果关系理论上的招惹标准,作为相当性补充标准,用于认定相应精神中介的因果关系。The rule of challenge counts to contribution of German case law. It is based on those ca- ses about damage caused by chase, which BGH has judged in the recent half century. According to the ruling of BGH, one that by fault causes another person to take an intervening act because of feeling challenged, while having a justified motive, shall be liable for the damage caused by realization of the increased risk, only when such risk is appropriate in relation to the aim of intervention. This rule of challenge arouses a number of disputes among jurists, which are primarily focused on interpretation of the requirement of ＂appropriateness＂, the relation to other theories of causation and the applicability in respect of various types of damage caused by psychological influence. With reference to key requirements of the German rule, a corresponding criterion of challenge in the sense of a theory of causation in general is to be established in Chinese tort law, standing for a limitation of the theory of adequate causation and facilitating analysis of applicable cases of damage caused by psychological influence.

关 键 词：招惹规则 追踪 精神中介的因果关系 相当性补充标准 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD913