资源的交换价值和工资性质对其分配公平感的影响  

Both the Property of Resource and Medium of Exchange Matter:What's Fair for Goods is Unfair for Money

作　　者：钟罗金[1] 范梦[2] 陈琳[3] 王靖[1] 莫雷[1] 昂晨[1] 林俊贤[1] 庞慧然 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心/心理学院,广州510631 [2]广东工业大学自动化学院,广州510006 [3]中山大学国际汉语学院,广州510275

出　　处：《心理学报》2014年第9期1392-1399,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170997);理论粤军"广东省教育部人文社科重点研究基地建设"资助项目(2013JYBJD10);华南师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助

摘　　要：如何公平合理地分配有限的资源是每一个组织都要面对的基本问题。在组织资源分配中存在一个有趣的现象,即平均分配金钱往往会比平均分配特定商品让人感到更不公平。前人研究认为,这是因金钱较之特定的商品具有更多交换价值导致的。3个实验对这一重要的心理现象进行了重新研究发现,不仅交换价值影响资源分配的公平感,而且资源的工资性质对其分配的公平感也有重要影响。这一发现丰富了Adams的公平理论,同时也为组织更好地分配资源提供重要参考。One fundamental problem of organized groups is how to distribute resources fairly. Fairness and equitable distribution can increase working enthusiasm of the organization＇s members and make them feel worthy to finish their jobs. Previous research found that people do not feel allocating money equally is as fair as distributing specific goods evenly. Previous studies hold the opinion that this kind of result can be attributed to the fact that money as a medium of exchange is compared with other specific goods rather than other essential properties of money. Based on previous studies, another hypothesis put forward that the relevance of the allocated resource and salary （the property of resource） is another reason for less sense of fairness to distribute resources equally. In order to test the possibility, three experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 tested the possibility that the allocated resource money is more likely to be regarded as a part of salary, compared with specific goods. Experiment 2 was designed to test whether exchange value resulted in less sense of fairness to distribute resources equally when the allocated resource is money rather than specific goods. Experiment 3 examined both factors （the property of resource and medium of exchange） which may influence the fairness of distributing resource equally. The results of experiment 1 indicated that people are more likely to treat extra money as a part of salary than extra specific goods. The results of experiment 2 replicated the results of previous studies, suggesting that the differences in the perceived fairness of allocating different resources lie in the medium of exchange of resources. The results of experiment 3 demonstrated that the property of the resource and the exchange value affect the allocated fairness respectively. These three experiments of the present study provide support for the hypothesis that not only the property but also the relevance of the allocated resource and salary have a major impact on this import

关 键 词：金钱 资源分配 公平性 工资性质 交换价值 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]