滇青冈和高山栲种子昆虫寄生及其对种群更新的影响  

Parasitism in Acorns of Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides and Castanopsis delavayi(Fagaceae) and Its Impact on Population Regeneration

作　　者：王崇云[1] 朱峰[1,2] 张智英[1] 和兆荣[3] 李小双[1,4] 欧光龙[1,5] 向伶[1,6] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,云南昆明650091 [2]广西玉林市农业信息中心,广西玉林537000 [3]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091 [4]国家林业局昆明勘察设计院,云南昆明650216 [5]西南林业大学国家林业局西南地区生物多样性保育重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [6]云南国土资源职业学院,云南昆明650217

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2014年第5期629-638,共10页Plant Diversity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960061和31160080)

摘　　要：对昆明西山地区滇青冈（Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides）和高山栲（Castanopsis delavayi）种子（坚果）虫蛀率在两个年份、整个落种期和山坡不同部位的变化情况进行研究．结果表明：①寄生于滇青冈种子内的象甲为青冈象（Curculio megadens）和Curculio sp．，寄生于高山栲种子内的象甲是Curculio sp．和剪枝象（crltorhrnchites sp．）；②滇青冈样地的虫蛀率为24．84％一27．60％，样地间无显著差异，两年间的平均虫蛀率亦无显著差异；高山栲样地间虫蛀率为17．94％-26．55％．有显著差异性，两年间的平均虫蛀率也有显著差异。③高山栲的下落种子虫蛀率随时间逐步下降，9月和10月中下旬出现两个虫蛀率的高峰期；高山栲种子内寄生的昆虫落地后即入土化蛹，滇青冈落地种子内的寄生昆虫在初期会滞留一段时间：④虫蛀率与林下实生苗数量无显著相关性，实生苗多集中在大树周围以及草本层植物较丰富的小生境。Insect predation on oak trees played an important role in population regeneration and seed dispersal. In- sect infestation on the acorns of Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides and Castanopsis delavayi were compared between the plots at different slope position in two years at Xishan Mountain, Kunming, China. We established three plots for each tree species to observe seed rain and to collect seeds from early September to late November, covering whole seed falling season. The results showed ： 1 ） Parasitic insects in Cy. glaucoides acorns were Curculio megadens Pelsue and Zhang and Curculio sp. Within Ca. delavayi acorns, they were Curculio sp. and CyUorhynchites sp. 2 ） Infestation rates of Cy. glaucoides were not significantly changed among plots （ 24. 84% - 27.60% ） and in two years （ 25.47% in 2005, and 27. 11% in 2006）. In contrast, there were significant spatial and temporal variation for Ca. delavayi, 17.94% - 26. 55% among plots, and 26. 69% in 2005, and 16. 90% in 2006. 3） Weevil-infested acorns were heterogeneous in failing time. Infestation rate reduced gradually among the falling acorns, and there were two peaks of weevil-infested acorns, middle to late September and middle to late October. Retention time of larvae inside the fallen acorns of Cy. glaucoides was longer than in Ca. delavayi＇ s. 4） Seedling recruitment may be related to insect predation. However, the weevil infestation rate was not significant related to the seedlings density among plots. There were more seedlings around big trees and at sites with higher herb coverage.

关 键 词：滇青冈 高山栲 象甲 虫蛀率 幼苗补充 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]