霜冻对昆明植物园维管植物危害的调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Impact from High Frost on Vascular Plants in the Kunming Botanical Garden

作　　者：李雄[1,2,3] 尹欣[4] 郗厚诚[5] 周新茂[6] 杨永平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [2]中国科学院昆明植物研究所西南野生生物种质资源库,云南昆明650201 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091 [5]贵阳药用植物园,贵州贵阳550002 [6]中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2014年第5期639-652,共14页Plant Diversity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170256)

摘　　要：2013年12月中旬昆明出现严重的霜冻天气,导致植物大面积受害,造成了巨大的损失。若了解各类植物对极端低温危害的抵抗力,可为科学合理地预防和降低霜冻等冻害天气对园林植物的危害提供一定参考。作者抽样调查了昆明植物园90科225种植物的受害情况,并对受害程度与植物系统分类、形态特征和产地分布等方面的关系进行统计分析。结果表明蕨类植物抗冻性较差,裸子植物抗冻性较强,不同科的被子植物抗冻性差异较大;多年生草本比一年生草本抗冻性差,常绿木本植物比落叶木本植物抗冻性更强;本地物种比引进物种抗冻性较强。根据调查结果,对已有园林植物的保护和新的园林绿化建设提出了一定的建议。即根据不同植物的抗冻性强弱,一方面要对园林植物给予积极有效的保护和采取预防霜冻危害的措施,另一方面要结合环境条件和植物特征选择适宜种植的物种。High frost, a common natural disaster, means heavy damage to plants with temperature dropped below 0 ℃. In mid-December 2013, Kunming suffered from severe frosts, resulting in large-area-damage of the plants, which brought huge losses. To provide a reference for scientifically and reasonably preventing and reducing frost freezing to garden plants, it is necessary to understand resistance of various plant catagories to extreme cold hazards. In this paper, a sample survey on 225 plant species from 90 families was performed for victimized plants in Kunming Botanical Garden. With the statistical analysis of the relationship between damage degree and plant systematics, morphology, distribution or other factors, we drew several conclusions. For example, ferns had a relatively poor frost resistance while gymnosperms mostly were strong, and angiosperms showed larger differences in frost resistance; annual herbaceous and evergreen woody had a stronger resistance than perennial herbaceous and deciduous woody respectively; native species exhibited greater resistance than introduced species. According to the results, some suggestions were given for protecting existing garden plants and constructing new landscapings. That is based on the strength of frost resistance of different plants, on one hand to give the garden plants a positive and effective protection and prevention measures against frost damage, on the other hand to select species suitable for planting combined environmental conditions with characters of plants.

关 键 词：霜冻 极端低温 昆明 亚热带常绿阔叶林 抗冻性 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺] S425[农业科学—园艺学]