凡纳滨对虾不同生长阶段的蛋白质需要量  

Protein Requirement of Pacific White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)during Different Growth Stages

作　　者：黄文文[1] 郑昌区 霍雅文 黎明[1] 周歧存[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315211 [2]广东粤海饲料集团公司,湛江524002

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2014年第9期2675-2686,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家公益性(农业)行业专项(201003020);宁波市农业攻关项目(2011C10006)

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨饲料蛋白质水平对幼虾阶段和养成阶段凡纳滨对虾生长性能、全虾和肌肉常规营养成分及血清生化指标的影响,以确定凡纳滨对虾幼虾阶段和养成阶段的蛋白质需要量。以鱼粉、小麦蛋白粉、酪蛋白和明胶为主要蛋白质源配制蛋白质水平分别为29.31%、33.19%、37.11%、41.45%、45.58%、49.03%的6种饲料。试验1（幼虾阶段养殖试验）和试验2（养成阶段养殖试验）分别选用720尾初始体重为（0.52±0.01）g和540尾初始体重为（7.93±0.03）g的凡纳滨对虾作为试验动物,均随机分为6组,每组3个重复（桶）,试验1每桶放养40尾,试验2每桶放养30尾。试验1和试验2的养殖期分别为56和42 d。试验1结果表明：随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,对虾的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）均先显著上升（P〈0.05）而后趋于稳定（P〉0.05）,而饲料系数（FCR）呈相反的变化趋势;饲料蛋白质水平为37.11%~49.03%时,蛋白质效率（PER）随饲料蛋白质水平的升高显著下降（P〈0.05）;饲料蛋白质水平对对虾的成活率（SR）、肝体指数（HSI）未产生显著影响（P〉0.05）;29.31%组对虾的肥满度（CF）显著低于其他各组（P〈0.05）。各组对虾全虾、肌肉干物质及全虾粗蛋白质含量均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;37.11%组全虾粗脂肪含量显著高于45.58%和49.03%组（P〈0.05）;29.31%和41.45%组全虾粗灰分含量显著高于33.19%和37.11%组（P〈0.05）;肌肉粗蛋白质含量在41.45%组达到最高值,并显著高于29.31%和49.03%组（P〈0.05）;29.31%组肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于除37.11%组外的其他各组（P〈0.05）;33.19%组肌肉粗灰分含量显著高于37.11%、41.45%和49.03%组（P〈0.05）。血清总蛋白（TP）含量及天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性各组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）;33.19%组血清总胆固醇（TC）含量显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）;41.45%和49.03%组血清甘油三�This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein level on the growth perform- ance, whole body and muscle common nutritional components and serum biochemical indices of Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei） during juvenile shrimp and grow up stages, in order to determine the protein requirements of Pacific white shrimp during juvenile shrimp and grow up stages. Fish meal, wheat gluten meal, casein and gelatin as the main protein sources were used to formulate six experimental diets at various protein levels （ 29.31%, 33.19%, 37.11%, 41.45%, 45.58% and 49.03%, respectively）. A total of 720 shrimp with an initial body weight of （0.52_＋0.01） g and 540 shrimp with an initial body weight of （7.93_＋0.03） g were used as experimental animals in test 1 （ feeding test for juvenile shrimp stage） and test 2 （ feeding test for grow up stage）, and were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 （test 1 ） or 30 （test 2） shrimp per replicate （bucket）, respectively. The test 1 and test 2 lasted for 56 and 42 days, respec- tively. The results of the test I showed as follows： with the dietary protein level increasing, the weight gain rate （WGR） and specific growth rate （SGR） were firstly significantly increased （P〈0.05） and then tended to be stable （P〉0.05）, while the feed conversion ratio （FCR） had an opposite trend; when dietary protein levels were 37.11% to 49.03 %, the protein efficiency ratio （PER） was significantly decreased （ P 〈 0.05 ） with the dietary protein level increasing; there were no significant differences in survival rate （SR） and hepatosomatic index （HSI） among all groups （P〉0.05） ; the condition factor （CF） in 29.31% group was significantly lower than that in other groups （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the contents of whole body and muscle dry matter and whole body crude protein among all groups （ P〉0.05 ） ; the content of whole body crude

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 蛋白质 需要量 生长性能 血清生化指标 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]