创伤超声重点评估法在胸腹部闭合性损伤急救中的应用研究  

Application value of focused assessment with sonography for trauma in treatment of emergency thoracic and abdominal closed injury

作　　者：徐应臣[1] 宋朝芳[2] 赖全[1] 熊清平[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省泸州市人民医院急诊科,646000 [2]四川省泸州市人民医院超声科,646000

出　　处：《中国医师进修杂志》2014年第26期6-9,共4页Chinese Journal of Postgraduates of Medicine

摘　　要：目的 评价创伤超声重点评估法（FAST）在胸腹部闭合性损伤急救中的应用价值.方法 将85例胸腹部闭合性损伤患者进行FAST检查,以明确有无胸腹腔、心包游离积液及有无腹腔内实质性脏器损伤,并与常规彩超检查、CT检查及手术结果进行比较.结果 FAST用时（2.85±1.15） min,常规彩超检查用时（15.48±5.17） min,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t=21.99,P＜0.05）.85例患者中FAST阳性10例,5例提示腹腔中等量或大量游离积液,均行急诊手术治疗,术后证实均为腹腔内实质性脏器破裂伴腹腔积血;2例提示肾破裂伴肾周血肿,经全腹CT检查证实;2例提示胸腔游离积气、积液,经胸部CT检查或胸腔闭式引流术证实;l例提示心包积血,经心包穿刺证实.常规彩超检查阳性11例,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.FAST筛查胸腹部闭合性损伤的敏感度为10/12,特异度为100.0％（73/73）,准确度为97.6％（83/85）.结论 FAST对胸腹腔、心包游离积液具有较高敏感度和特异度,检查用时短,环境要求低,无需移动创伤患者,且可与液体复苏等急救措施同步进行.对于大批量创伤患者及严重多发伤患者,FAST能够快速、准确判断是否存在胸腹部闭合性损伤,为临床治疗提供指导,具有很好的应用价值.Objective To evaluate the application value of focused assessment with sonography for trauma （FAST） in treatment of emergency thoracic and abdominal closed injury.Methods FAST examination was performed in 85 patients with thoracic and abdominal closed injury,to determine whether the thoracic and abdominal cavity,pericardial free effusion and abdominal parenchyma organ injury,and the results were compared with conventional ultrasonography,CT scan and operation results.Results FAST was （2.85 ± 1.15） min,conventional ultrasonography was （15.48 ±5.17） min,there was statistically significant difference （t =21.99,P ＜ 0.05）.In 85 patients,10 cases were FAST positive,5 cases of abdominal cavity in that amount or a large number of free effusion,underwent emergency operation,postoperative intra abdominal parenchymal organs were confirmed as rupture and hemoperitoneum; 2 cases of renal rupture with perirenal hematoma,confirmed by the whole abdominal CT examination; 2 cases of thoracic free pneumatosis,effusion,confirmed by thoracic CT examination or closed thoracic drainage; 1 case of prompt hemopericardium,confirmed by the pericardium puncture.Conventional ultrasonography was positive in 11 patients,no statistically significant difference between them （P ＞ 0.05）.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy rate of FAST screening thoracic and abdominal closed injury was 10/12,100.0％ （73/73）,97.6％ （83/85）.Conclusions FAST has high sensitivity and specificity for thoracic and abdominal cavity,pericardial free effusion,check with short time,low environmental requirements,without moving the trauma patients,and may be out of sync with the fluid resuscitation and other emergency measures.For large quantities of trauma patients and patients with severe multiple trauma,FAST can quickly,accurately determine the existence of thoracic and abdominal closed injury,and provide guidance for clinical treatment,which has good application value.

关 键 词：超声检查 急诊处理 多处创伤 腹水 创伤超声重点评估法 

分 类 号：R641[医药卫生—外科学]