微生物燃料电池处理污水并产能的潜力分析  

Potential Analysis of Microbial Fuel Cells in Treating Wastewater and Recovering Energy

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 刘高杰[1] 黄鑫[1] 胡沅胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学北京应对气候变化研究与人才培养基地,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2014年第18期8-14,共7页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278025);城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室项目(2014)

摘　　要：全球性能源危机导致污水处理朝着资源化与能源化的方向发展。欧美倡导的"能源工厂"或"碳中和"运行理念更是激发了从污水中回收能源的国际研发与应用热潮。作为一种能够同时将有机物去除并将其所蕴含的能量直接以电能回收的技术,微生物燃料电池(MFC)技术研发方兴未艾。这就需要首先在科学上系统了解MFC的发展历程、基本原理、研究现状,继而从工程角度分析MFC在污水处理中得以应用的潜力。在总结MFC最新研发进展的基础上,对MFC用于实际污水处理可获得的能量进行了匡算,发现其能源转化效率还不及污水处理剩余污泥厌氧消化产甲烷可获得的能源转化效率。况且,MFC的有限能量转化是以牺牲脱氮除磷所需碳源作为代价。以MFC为基础衍生而来的微生物电解电池(MEC)产氢技术在实际应用时可能亦存在相同问题。面对MFC/MEC目前的应用窘境,对其未来技术研发走向进行了定位。Global energy crisis has initiated wastewater treatment to develop towards resource and energy recovery. Also, the concepts of ＂power plants＂ and/or ＂carbon neutral＂ operation, which are advocated in Europe and US, are inspiring an international R and D hot topic of recovering energy from wastewater. As a technology removing organic substance （COD） and simultaneously recovering COD en- ergy to generate electricity, microbial fuel cell （MFC） is being researched and developed in the ascend- ant. This situation needs us to systematically understand the background, principles and state-of-the-art of MFC and then to analyze the potential of MFC applied in wastewater treatment. Based on the state-of-the-art of MFC, the energy potential of MFC from COD was roughly calculated, and the calculation re- vealed that the energy conversion efficiency of MFC was much less, even lower than that from methane from anaerobic digestion of excess sludge. Moreover, limited energy recovery from MFC was at the expense of carbon source （COD） required for nutrient removal. Microbial electrolysis cell （MEC） developed from MFC had probably the similar problem when applied. Facing such a predicament, MFC/MEC was oriented on the future R and D approaches.

关 键 词：微生物燃料电池 产电微生物 库仑效率 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]