2002—2012年我国文献报道的中毒事故发生现状及原因分析  

Analysis of poisoning accidents andtheir causes in litereture in China from 2002 to 2012

作　　者：张雪艳[1] 李珏[2] 秦兴强 李玉珍[1] 李斌[1] 贾宁[1] 缪庆[1] 王未来[1] 陈松林[4] 王忠旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]北京市化工职业病防治院,北京100059 [3]国家安全生产监督管理总局,北京100713 [4]浙江省温州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江温州325001

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2014年第5期338-341,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项项目(201402021)

摘　　要：目的了解我国近年中毒事故现状及发生原因,为制定管理对策提供科学依据。方法以中毒事故为检索关键词,对2002—2012年11年间期刊发表的中毒事故进行系统检索与分析。结果收集11年间期刊发表的中毒事故129起,中毒917例,其中死亡81例,各年间中毒人数与死亡人数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),变化无线性趋势(P>0.05)。共涉及55种有毒物品,事故主要发生在化工、金属加工、食品加工、建筑、废品回收、污水处理、仓储等行业。所致事故发生频次从高到低的有毒物品依次为硫化氢、一氧化碳、砷化氢中毒等,引起中毒人数较多的有毒物品依次为光气、硫化氢、二甲基酰胺、氨气、一氧化碳、溴气、砷化氢、三氯甲烷等。事故由违规操作、通风情况差引起的有92起,占71.3%;由不佩戴防护用品引起的有82起,占63.6%。结论导致中毒事故发生的有毒物品种类多,行业分布广泛,企业防护设施缺失或落后,管理者和工人防护意识差,事故可能波及非职业人群,需对有毒物品、企业及作业人员进行规范管理,以减少中毒事故的发生。Objective To understand the current station and reasons of poisoning accidents in China from 2002to2012 and to privide sientific evidence for the managements of workplaces related to poisons.Methods Poisoning accident was used as the index word to search and analysis the poisoning accidents reported in the journal from 2002to2012 in China.Results 129 accidents were collected and 55 were caused by poisons.There were 917 poisonging cases with 81 deaths in these accidents.No significant differences was found between the numbers of poisoning and the deaths per year（P〉0.05）as well as no linear trend relationship of the poisoning numbers with the years（P〉0.05）.The accidents mainly break out in chemical,metal processing,construction and waste recycling industries and so on.Sulfuretted hydrogen,carbon monoxide and arsenic hydride were the most commonly causes of poisoning accidents.The poisons which resulted to the most number of the cases were：phosgene,sulfuretted hydrogen,dimethylformamide,ammonia,carbon monoxide,bromine gas,etc.Irregularities and poor ventilation were existed in 92（71.3%）accidents while missed individual protective equipment were existed in 82（63.6%）accidents.Conclusions For the reason of variety of poisons and industry distribution,the missed or outdated protecting facilities,weak protection consciousness and accidents spreading to surrounding residents,it will be necessary to manage the poisons,related enterprises,administrators,workers and the waste emission to reduce the accidents.

关 键 词：有毒物品 中毒事故 管理措施 中毒防治 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]