近52年来武汉市气候变化特征分析  

Analysis of Characteristics of Climate Changes in Wuhan City in Recent 52 Years

作　　者：曹小雪[1] 黄建武[1] 揭毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2014年第9期80-85,89,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"水文环境变化对江汉湖群大型水生植物腐烂分解的影响及其机制"(31270378)

摘　　要：利用1961-2012年武汉市气候观测资料,应用线性倾向估计、累积距平、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法对武汉市52 a气候变化的主要特征进行了分析,并与湖北其他站点进行了比较。结果表明：近52 a来,武汉市降水量总体表现出在波动中略呈上升的趋势,70年代为显著的少雨期,多雨期主要集中在20世纪80-90年代,降水量在1979年发生突变。平均气温显著升高,增温速率明显高于全国和湖北省水平,90年代以来增温尤为突出,并在1993年前后出现了突变点,进入了一个相对偏暖的气候态。日照时数在波动中下降明显,1986年前后是近52 a来的显著突变点。平均相对湿度呈现波动下降趋势,20世纪90年代以后,下降幅度尤其明显,于1977年前后发生突变。武汉市气候变化总体表现出降水略升,气温升高,日照减少,平均相对湿度降低的暖干化趋势。对比其他站点来看,20世纪90年代以来,湖北省暖干化现象明显,武汉是其典型地区。According to the annual climatic data in Wuhan city from 1961 to 2012,the climate change features of Wuhan city in recent 52 years were analyzed by using linear tendency estimate method,accumulative anomaly method,and Mann- Kendall mutation test. The results indicated that： in recent 52 years,the precipitation of Wuhan city increased faintly in fluctuation,there was a significantly rare rain period in the 1970 s and a pluvial period in the 1980 s and 1990 s,and precipitation mutation occurred in1979; the annual mean air temperature increased obviously with a higher temperature- increasing rate,showed a significant rise since the 1990 s,a jump occurred in 1993,and then it entered a relatively warm climate state; the sunshine duration markedly decreased in fluctuation,and revealed a remarkable mutational site around 1986; the average relative humidity showed a decreasing trend in fluctuation,especially after entering the 1990 s,and it had an abrupt change in 1977. The overall changing tendency of climate in Wuhan was getting warmer and drier,which was characterized mainly by slight increase in precipitation,obvious increase in air temperature,significant decrease in sunshine duration and average relative humidity. Compared with other weather stations,the climate in Hubei province has also demonstrated a warm and dry trend since the 1990 s,and Wuhan is the typical city of this province.

关 键 词：气候变化 降水量 气温 日照时数 相对湿度 武汉 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]