德国国家公园体制若干特点研究  

Research on German National Park System

作　　者：庄优波[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《中国园林》2014年第8期26-30,共5页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号51278266)资助

摘　　要：德国建立国家公园体制的时间并不长,只有40余年时间,但是形成了鲜明的特色:在处理自然与文化的关系方面,强调大尺度荒野保护,让自然成为自然;在处理国家和地方的关系方面,联邦搭建框架,州府自治管理;在处理部门之间、国家公园与辖区政府之间的关系方面,强调一个部门主导,多方参与协调;在处理国家公园与地方民众的关系方面,注重区域受益,加强民众对话。特色之外,该体制也面临诸多问题。其经验教训可供我国建立国家公园体制借鉴。The development of national park system in Germany has not been a long time, for about 40 years, but the characteristics are distinct： in dealing with the relationship between nature and culture, large-scale wilderness protection in national park is emphasized, so called ＂let nature to be nature＂; in handling the relationship between federal and state governments, the federal is to build framework, and the state is to implement the autonomy management; in dealing with the relationship between the national park and the local departments and governments, ＂one sector-led, multi-stakeholder coordination＂ model is emphasized; in handling relations with local people, region benefit should be paid more attention, and more efficient dialogue with public should be strengthened. Besides those characteristics, the mechanism is also facing many problems. German national park could be reference for China when establishing its our own national park system.

关 键 词：风景园林 德国 国家公园体制 自然保护地体系 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]