黄河中游水沙变化特征分析  

Variation Characteristics of Water and Sediment in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：张丽[1] 达朝媛 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水利学院,河南郑州450045

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期7-12,共6页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAB02B04)

摘　　要：黄河具有水少、沙多、水沙关系不协调的特点,其治理的主要难题在于处理径流量和输沙量的关系.近60年来,黄河中游水沙关系加剧恶化.因此,揭示黄河中游水沙变化特征及其影响因素是水沙研究的首要任务.采用滑动平均法、Manner-Kendall检验法对比分析黄河中游4个主要水文站(龙门、花园口、华县、白家川)在1950—2010年的水沙变化趋势.结果表明:黄河中游水沙量呈显著减少趋势,尤其是20世纪70年代以后;气候变化、降雨、水利工程、水土保持措施等是水沙变化的主要驱动因素,人类活动正成为影响水沙变化的最根本因素.The Yellow River is characterized by less water and more sediment,and imbalance between water and sediment. The difficult problem of governance is to deal with relations between runoff and sediment discharge. For the past 60 years,relations between runoff and sediment have deteriorated sharply. Therefore,revealing the characteristics and influence factors of the variation between water and sediment are the primary task of water and sediment research. In the paper,the moving average method and Mann-Kendall test method were used to analyze the varying tendency of water and sediment in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River from 1950 to 2010 based on the observed data from four main hydrologic stations,namely Longmen,Huayuankou,Huaxian,and Baijiachuan. The results indicate that both runoff and sediment discharge decreases significantly in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,especially after1970 s. The results also show that the variation of runoff and sediment discharge is mainly caused by climate change,rainfall,water conservancy projects,soil and water conservation measures and so on,and human activities are turning into the most fundamental factors affecting the variation of water and sediment now.

关 键 词：黄河中游 水沙变化 径流量 输沙量 影响因素 

分 类 号：TV152[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]