油菜长效专用配方肥应用效果研究  

Effects of the Long-acting Formula Fertilizer on Oilseed Rape

作　　者：胡敏[1] 刘涛[1] 周鹂[1] 任涛[1] 李小坤[1] 丛日环[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2014年第14期3280-3283,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2010BAD01B05);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)

摘　　要：采用多点大田试验研究油菜专用配方肥对油菜产量、肥料的利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与不施肥处理相比,油菜长效专用配方肥在4个试验点平均增产油菜子1 433 kg/hm2,增产率达123.9%;与当地推荐施肥相比,平均增产油菜子301 kg/hm2,增产率为13.1%;与当地油菜专用肥相比,平均增产油菜子347 kg/hm2,增产率为15.5%。油菜长效专用配方肥的肥料偏生产力可达到12 kg/kg,与当地推荐施肥和当地专用肥处理相比,养分的偏生产力分别提高了5.3%和69.0%。经济效益分析结果表明,由于油菜专用配方肥具有养分配比合理、用量适宜和一次性施肥减少劳动力成本等特点,分别比不施肥、当地推荐施肥和当地专用肥增加纯收益4 984、1 544和2 435元/hm2。试验结果说明,油菜专用配方肥显著地提高了油菜子产量和肥料利用效率、增加经济收益。Farm experiments of multi-sites were conducted to study the effects of long-acting formula fertilizer on the rapeseed yield,fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits.The results showed that rapeseed yield under the long-acting formula fertilization increased 1 433 kg/hm2 than that with no fertilization,with the increase rate of 123.9％.Long-acting formula fertilization could increase 301 and 347 kg/hm2,with the increase rate of 13.1％ and 15.5％,as compared with locally recommended fertilizer and locally commercial formula fertilizer.Partial factor productivity of fertilization would reach to 12 kg/kg under the long-acting formula fertilization treatment,which was 5.3％ and 69.0％ higher than that of the locally commercial formula fertilizer and locally recommended fertilization,respectively.Due to the appropriate nutrient proportion,application rate and reducing labor cost with one-time application for the long-acting formula fertilizer,the increment of economic benefits in long-acting formula fertilization was 4 984,1 544 and 2 435 yuan/hm2 compared with no fertilizer,locally recommended fertilizer and locally commercial formula fertilizer,respectively.It is indicated that the long-acting formula fertilizer would be the fertilizer suitable for improving rapeseed yield,fertilizer efficiency and economic benefits.

关 键 词：油菜 长效专用配方肥 产量 肥料利用效率 经济收益 

分 类 号：S565.404[农业科学—作物学] S143.58