长白山杜鹃花属种间杂交亲和性的研究  

Inter-specific Cross Compatibility of Rhododendron in Changbai Mountain

作　　者：巴春影[1] 曹后男[1] 宗成文[1] 刘淼[1] 李英男[1] 

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延边133002

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2014年第14期3310-3312,3319,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960231)

摘　　要：为了探索长白山杜鹃花属种间杂交的亲和性及种间杂交在种质创新中的可行性,以5种长白山杜鹃花属植物为试材,进行种间正反杂交,并对杂种胚进行离体培养.结果表明,杜鹃花属种间正反杂交亲和力有显著差异,以牛皮杜鹃为母本,与迎红杜鹃、白花迎红杜鹃、亚布力杜鹃杂交有较高的亲和性,与母本的自然授粉坐果率无显著差异,分别为92.55％、94.14％、92.42％,杂种胚的萌发率分别为13.60％、11.59％、4.12％;杂种苗生长势微弱,呈白化状态,有败育迹象,经继代培养2～3次后,生长势得到一定的恢复,且分化率明显高于牛皮杜鹃种胚苗,但植株的颜色仍是黄绿色.而反交时,坐果率明显降低,坐果率最高的组合为亚布力杜鹃×牛皮杜鹃,为36.51％;与迎红杜鹃的杂交坐果率为6.52％;而与大字杜鹃的杂交坐果率为0,但反交时亚布力×牛皮杜鹃的种胚萌发率极显著地高于正交,为39.81％,而且种胚苗生长健壮,无需继代,可直接进行炼苗移栽.Five species of hododendron in Changbai Mountain were used to make reciprocal cross to study the inter-specific cross compatibility and feasibility in germplasm innovation.The hybrid embryos were cultured in vitro.The results showed that the species of rhododendron in Changbai Mountain had significant difference in reciprocal cross compatibility.Using Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.as female parent,Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.,Rhododendron mucronulamm Turcz.f.album Nakai and Yabuli rhododendron showed high compatibility with 92.55％,94.14％ and 92.42％,respectively.No significant differences was observed in fruit setting rate by self-pollination.The germination rate of hybrid embryo was 13.60％,11.59％ and 4.12％,respectively.The growth vigor of hybrid seedlings were weak,in albino status and trended to abortion.After subcultured two or three generations,the growth vigor of hybrid seedlings were recovered gradually,and the differentiation rate was significantly higher than the seedlings of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.The color of plants was still yellowish green.Among reciprocal crosses,the fruit setting ratios were significantly decreased.The combination with highest fruit setting rate was Yabuli Rhododendron×Rhododendron chusanthum Pall..The fruit setting rate of each reciprocal cross of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.with Yabuli Rhododendron,Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.and Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim.was 36.51％,6.52％,and 0,respectively.The hybrid embryo＇s germination rate of Yabuli Rhododendron ×Rhododendron chusanthum Pall.in reciprocal cross was significantly higher than that of original cross,which was 39.81％.The seedlings of hybrid grew strongly and could be directly transplanted without subculture.

关 键 词：牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.) 种间杂交亲和性 种胚培养 

分 类 号：S685.21[农业科学—观赏园艺]